EL7:1.1 Blood Sweat And Seas

Question 1

What are cations?

Answer 1

Positively charged ions.

Question 2

What are anions?

Answer 2

Negatively charged ions.

Question 3

What do metals lose to form?

Answer 3

Electrons to form cations.

Question 4

What do non-metals gain to form?

Answer 4

Electrons to forn anions.

Question 5

Why is it harder to gain 2 or more electrons than 1 electron?

Answer 5

As 2 or more electrons repel with the first electron gained.

Question 6

What is an ionic bond also known as?

Answer 6

An electrostatic bond of attraction.

Question 7

What does ionic bonding occur between?

Answer 7

Metals and non-metals.

Question 8

When are ions only formed?

Answer 8

If the overall energy change is favourable.

Question 9

What is the attraction in an ionic bond like?

Answer 9

Strong.

Question 10

What do ions build up to form in a solid compound?

Answer 10

An ionic lattice.

Question 11

Why are electrons transferred from metals to non-metals?

Answer 11

To give ions with a stable electronic structures.

Question 12

What does the arrangement in a crystal lattice depend on?

Answer 12

The relative sizes of the ions.

Question 13

What is every ion in an ionic lattice surrounded by?

Answer 13

6 more ions with an opposite charge.

Question 14

What are the physical properties of ionic compounds?

Answer 14

Very high melting point, very brittle, conduct electricity when molten or in aqueous solution, and are soluble in water.

Question 15

What does it mean if ionic compounds have a high melting point?

Answer 15

A large amount of energy must be put in to overcome the strong electrostatic attractions and separate the ions.

Question 16

What does dislocation lead to in ionic compounds?

Answer 16

Layers moving and similar ions being adjacent, causing repulsion to split it.

Question 17

When don’t ionic compounds conduct electricity and why?

Answer 17

When solid, as the ions are held strongly in the lattice.

Question 18

When can ionic compounds conduct electricity and why?

Answer 18

When molten or in an aqueous solution, the ions are free to move.

Question 19

What are ionic compounds insoluble in?

Answer 19

Non-polar solvents.

Question 20

Why are ionic compounds soluble in water?

Answer 20

Water is a polar solvent and stabilises the separate ions.

Question 21

What are complex ions such as a hydroxide ion held together by?

Answer 21

Covalent bonds.

Question 22

What do Roman numerals in brackets next to an ion mean?

Answer 22

That ion has more than one common ion.

Question 23

What must add up when writing a formula for ionic compounds?

Answer 23

The charges must equal zero.

Question 24

What does an acid+alkali make?

Answer 24

A salt and water.

Question 25

What does an acid+base make?

Answer 25

A salt and water.

Question 26

What does an acid+carbonate make?

Answer 26

A salt, water and carbon dioxide.

Question 27

What does an acid+metal make?

Answer 27

A salt and hydrogen.

Question 28

What ionic compounds don't dissolve readily in water?

Answer 28

Barium, calcium, lead, and silver sulfates, silver and lead halides (group 7), all metal carbonates, and metal hydroxides except group 1 and ammonium hydroxides.

Question 29

What do reactions with ionic substances involve?

Answer 29

Only one of the two ions in the substance.

Question 30

What are spectator ions?

Answer 30

Ions that are not involved in the reaction.

Question 31

What is shown and not shown in an ionic equation?

Answer 31

Only shows the ions that take place in the reaction but not spectator ions.

Question 32

What is important in ionic equations?

Answer 32

State symbols.

Question 33

What do state symbols in ionic equations help to identify?

Answer 33

If the reaction involves ionic precipitation.

Question 34

What is precipitation?

Answer 34

A suspension of solid particles produced by a chemical reaction in solution.