elbow Flashcards
(48 cards)
1
Q
what type of joint is the elbow? what movement is allowed?
A
- hinge joint
- allows movement in sagittal plane
2
Q
what are the three main bones of the elbow?
A
- humerus
- ulna
- radius
3
Q
what is the humerus?
A
- bone of the upper arm that goes from the scapula to the elbow joint where it meets the ulna and radius
4
Q
where are the radius and ulna in an anatomical position?
A
- radius is more lateral (thumb)
- ulna is more medial (pinky)
5
Q
what does radius articulate with?
A
- tubercles of humerus
6
Q
what articulates with the facet of radial head?
A
- capitulum
7
Q
what is next to the capitulum? what does it articulate with?
A
- next to this is the trochlea of the humerus
- articulates with ulna
8
Q
what does the humerus contain at the end?
A
- two epicondyles
- lateral and medial
- medial more prominent
9
Q
what is the olecranon?
A
- prominence of the ulna that wraps around two tubercles of humerus
10
Q
what does olecranon act as?
A
- attachment site for triceps
11
Q
what is the radial fossa?
A
- small, shallowed depression on humerus
- gives space to head of radius to fit when elbow bends
12
Q
what is the olecranon fossa?
A
- depression that provides space for ulna to fit in during extension
13
Q
what is the coronoid fossa?
A
- depression that fits with coronoid process of ulna during full flexion of elbow
14
Q
what is the coronoid process?
A
- triangular shaped bony prominence that extends from proximal end of ulna
15
Q
what is the radial notch?
A
- surface that provides attachment for ligaments
- articular surface for the head of the radius
16
Q
what is the main joint of the elbow?
A
- radioulnar joint
- articulation between ulna and radius at proximal end
17
Q
what works together in the elbow and why?
A
- proximal and distal joints work together to produce pronation and supination
18
Q
what does radius and ulna form?
A
- fibrous joint
- limited movement
19
Q
what is the interosseous membrane?
A
- long sheet of ligaments that connects ulna & radius to provide stability and flexibility for supination/ pronation
20
Q
what is the oblique cord?
A
- angle between ulna and radius
- holds them together during movement
21
Q
what further prevents bones moving across each other?
A
- joint capsule
22
Q
what do ligaments of the elbow do?
A
- holds the radius and ulna together
23
Q
what are the five main elbow ligaments?
A
- annular
- quadrate
- medial collateral
- lateral collateral
- dorsal radioulnar
24
Q
why is the annular ligament unique?
A
- starts and ends on the ulna as it wraps around the radius so it’s in place against ulna
25
what is annular ligament sometimes included in?
- lateral collateral ligaments
26
what does annular ligament provide?
- stability during spinning movements
27
what is the quadrate ligament?
- directly connects the radius to the ulna in a straight line
28
what is the role of the quadrate ligament?
- holds bones together to aid stability and flexibility during movement
29
what is the medial collateral ligament?
- complex of ligaments
- inside elbow
30
where does the medial ulnar collateral ligament originate and insert?
- originates at the medial epicondyle
- inserts onto ulnar
31
what are the three parts of the medial collateral ligament?
- posterior bundle
- transverse ligament
- anterior bundle
32
how is the posterior bundle shaped and why?
- fan shaped so starts narrow then fans out into ulna
33
what does the transverse ligament do?
- cuts across elbow joint
34
what does the anterior bundle connect?
- band that connects humerus to ulna
35
what is the lateral collateral ligament? where does it originate and insert?
- on the thumb side (radius)
- originates on lateral epicondyle
- inserts onto head of radius
36
what does the lateral radial collateral ligament provide?
- provides stability for radial movements
37
what are the two ligaments of the lateral collateral ligament?
- ulnar lateral collateral ligament
- radial lateral collateral ligament
38
what does the ulnar lateral collateral ligament connect?
- connects humerus to ulna
39
where does the radial lateral collateral ligament go? and why?
- goes underneath the annular ligament then connects to radius
- to hold radius in place relative to humerus
40
what does dorsal radioulnar ligament provide?
- stability
41
what are antagonistic pairs? - give an example in the elbow joint
- cause opposite movements
- biceps causes flexion while triceps causes extension
42
what are the three elbow flexor muscles?
- biceps brachii
- brachialis
- brachioradialis
43
where does biceps brachii originate and insert?
- short head originates at tip of coracoid process
- long head originates at supraglenoid tubercle of scapula
- inserts onto radial tuberosity and forearm fascia
44
where does brachialis originate and insert?
- originates at distal half of anterior surface of humerus
- inserts into coronoid process and tuberosity of ulna
45
where does brachioradialis originate and insert?
- originates at lateral ridge of distal humerus
- inserts on lateral surface of distal radius
46
what are the two elbow extensors?
- triceps brachii
- anconeus
47
where does triceps brachii originate and insert?
- long head= infraglenoid tubercle
- lateral head= humerus above radial groove
- medial head= humerus below radial groove
- inserts into ulna olecranon
48
where does anconeus originate and insert?
- originates at lateral epicondyle
- inserts onto lateral side of olecranon process
