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wrist Flashcards

(68 cards)

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1
Q

what does the wrist joint act as and allow?

A
  • acts as pivot point that can move in almost any direction
  • can grab and touch objects
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2
Q

what are the main bones around the wrist joint and where are they ?

A
  • radius always on thumb side (lateral)
  • ulnar always on pinkie side (medial)
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3
Q

what is the acronym for carpal bones?

A
  • some lovers try positions that they cannot handle
  • so long to thumb, hear comes pinky
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4
Q

what are the 8 carpal bones?

A
  • scaphoid
  • lunate
  • triquetrum
  • pisiform
  • hamate
  • capitate
  • trapezoid
  • trapezium
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5
Q

what bone won’t you see on a posterior diagram?

A
  • pisiform bone
  • more anterior
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6
Q

what is the carpal tunnel?

A
  • path between hook of hamate, trapezoid and trapezium
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7
Q

what is the carpal tunnel formed by?

A
  • transverse carpal ligament
  • flexor retinaculum
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8
Q

what is the carpal tunnel between?

A
  • pisiform/ hamate
  • trapezium/ scaphoid
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9
Q

what is the flexor retinaculum?

A
  • band of fibrous connective tissue that covers the anterior side of the carpal tunnel
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10
Q

what is the median nerve?

A
  • forearm nerve
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11
Q

what does the median nerve cause when pinched?

A
  • carpal tunnel syndrome
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12
Q

what do tendons help with?

A
  • help move the finger
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13
Q

what are metacarpals?

A
  • bones of the hand
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14
Q

what is the thumb called?

A
  • pollex
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15
Q

what do some metacarpals articulate with? - give an example

A
  • some articulate with multiple carpals
    e.g., 4th metacarpal
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16
Q

what are phalanges?

A
  • bones of the fingers
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17
Q

what do the 2nd to 5th metacarpals contain?

A
  • proximal
  • middle
  • distal phalanges
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18
Q

what phalanges does the pollex contain?

A

-proximal and distal

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19
Q

what are the 5 joints of the wrist/ hand?

A
  • radiocarpal (RC)
  • carpometacarpal (CMC)
  • metacarpophalangeal (MCP)
  • proximal interphalangeal (PIP)
  • distal interphalangeal (DIP)
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20
Q

what is the radiocarpal joint?

A
  • between the radius and scaphoid & lunate and triquetrum
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21
Q

what type of joint is the radiocarpal joint?

A
  • condyloid joint
  • allows 2 degrees of motion
  • flexion/ extension
  • adduction/ abduction
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22
Q

what other type of joint is the radiocarpal joint?

A
  • synovial joint contains articular cartilage and synovial fluid
  • articular disc extends from articular cartilage of radius to cover some of the ulna
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23
Q

what is the carpometacarpal joint?

A
  • joint between carpals and metacarpals
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24
Q

what is the 1st carpometacarpal joint?

A
  • trapeziometacarpal joint
  • between trapezium and 1st metacarpal
  • saddle joint so it allows plenty of movement
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25
what movement is allowed in the 1st carpometacarpal joint?
- flexion - extension - abduction - adduction - opposition
26
what is the carpometacarpal joint between 2nd to 5th?
- condyloid joint - varying degrees of motion
27
how much motion is allows in 2-3 carpometacarpal joint compared to 4-5?
- 2 to 3 allows no motion whereas 4 to 5 allows little flexion and extension
28
what is the metacarpophalangeal joint?
- joints of the knuckles - between metacarpals and phalanges
29
what type of joint is metacarpophalangeal joint and what does it allow?
- condyloid joint - allows flexion and extension as well as spreading of the fingers
30
what type of joints are interphalangeal joints and what does it allow?
- hinge joints - allows one degree of motion - flexion/ extension
31
how many interphalangeal joints do the fingers contain?
- thumb only has one interphalangeal joint - 2-5 contain both
32
what do ligaments provide?
- stability of radiocarpal joint
33
what are the 4 main ligaments?
- radial collateral ligament - ulnar collateral ligament - palmar radiocarpal ligament - dorsal radiocarpal ligament
34
what is radial collateral ligament? what does it prevent?
- connects styloid process to tubercle of scaphoid bone - prevents adduction
35
what is ulnar collateral ligament? what does it prevent?
- has two parts that connects the ends of the ulnar with the pisiform and triquetrum - prevents over abduction
36
what is the palmar radiocarpal ligament? what does it prevent?
- series of 4 ligaments - prevents over extension
37
what are the four ligaments of the palmar radiocarpal ligament?
- radioscaphocapitate - radioscapholunate - long radiolunate - short radiolunate
38
what is the dorsal radiocarpal ligament? what does it prevent?
- connects radius to triquetrum - prevents over flexion
39
what is the interosseous membrane?
- made up of 5 ligaments that limit supination of forearm - allows multiple forearm muscles to attach
40
where are flexors found?
- anteriorly
41
what are the 6 flexors?
- flexor pollicis longus - flexor digitorum profondus - flexor digitorum superficialis - palmaris longus - flexor carpi ulnaris - flexor carpi radialis
42
where does flexor pollicis longus originate and insert?
- originates at anterior surface of radius - inserts into distal phalanx of thumb
43
where does flexor digitorum profoundus originate and insert?
- originates at proximal 3/4 of ulna - inserts into distal phalanx of digits 2-5
44
where does flexor digitorum superficialis originate and insert?
- originates at medial epicondyle of humerus - inserts into middle phalanges of fingers
45
where does palmaris longus originate and insert?
- originates at medial epicondyle - inserts into palmar aponeurosis
46
where does flexor carpi ulnaris originate and insert?
- originates at medial epicondyle of the humerus - inserts into hook of hamate and anterior side of proximal 5th metacarpal base
47
where does flexor carpi radialis originate and insert?
- originates at the medial epicondyle of humerus - inserts into anterior side of proximal 2nd and 3rd metacarpal
48
where are the extensors located?
- posterior aspect
49
what are the 10 extensors?
- extensor carpi ulnaris - extensor carpi radialis longus - extensor carpi radialis brevis - extensor digitorum - extensor digiti minimi - extensor digiti ulnaris - extensor indicis - extensor pollicis longus - extensor pollicis brevis - abductor pollicis longus
50
where does extensor carpi ulnaris originate and insert?
- originates at lateral epicondyle of humerus - inserts onto posterior side of the 5th metacarpal
51
where does the extensor carpi radialis brevis originate and insert?
- originates at the lateral epicondyle of humerus - inserts onto posterior side of the 3rd metacarpal base
52
where does extensor carpi radialis longus originate and insert?
- originates superior to lateral epicondyle of humerus - inserts into posterior 2nd metacarpal base
53
where does extensor digitorum originate and insert?
- originate at lateral epicondyle - inserts into dorsal digital expansion
54
where does extensor digiti minimi originate and insert?
- originates at lateral epicondyle - inserts into dorsal digital expansion to extend the little finger
55
where does extensor carpi ulnaris originate and insert?
- originates at lateral epicondyle - inserts into base metacarpal V
56
where does extensor indices originate and insert?
- originates at the posterior surface of ulna & interossous membrane - inserts into extensor expansion of 2nd digit
57
where does extensor pollicis longus originate and insert?
- originates at posterior surface of ulna - inserts into posterior surface of base of distal phalanx of thumb
58
where does the extensor pollicus brevis originate and insert ?
- originates at posterior surface of lower middle radius - inserts into base of proximal phalanx of thumb
59
where does the abductor pollicus longus originate and insert?
- contributes to extension of the wrist and abduction of the thumb - goes from ulna and radius to the base of the 1st metacarpal
60
what are the two ulnar deviators?
- flexor carpi ulnaris - extensor carpi ulnaris
61
what are the four radial deviators?
- flexor carpi radialis - extensor carpi radialis longus - extensor carpi radialis brevis - abductor pollicis longus
62
what are the two pronators?
- pronator quadratus - pronator teres
63
where does the pronator quadratus originate and insert?
- originates at anterior aspect of distal 1/4 of ulna - inserts into distal 1/4 of radius
64
where does the pronator teres originate and insert?
- originates at medial super condyle of humerus - coronoid process of ulna - inserts into lateral surface of mid shaft radius
65
what are the two supinators ?
- biceps brachii - supinator
66
where does the biceps brachii originate and insert?
- short head originates at tip of coracoid process - long head originates at supraglenoid tuberosity - inserts into tuberosity of radius
67
where does the supinator oirginate and insert?
- originates at the lateral epicondyle and supinator crest of humerus - inserts into lateral proximal end of radius
68
what is the anatomical snuffbox created by?
- extensor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis and abductor pollicis longus

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