Elbow

Question 1

cubital recurvatum

Answer 1

backward bowing of elbow

Question 2

cubital valgum

Answer 2

elbow angles away from body

Question 3

cubital varum

Answer 3

elbow angle in

Question 4

epistaxis

Answer 4

nose bleed

Question 5

ecchymosis

Answer 5

discoloration of the skin resulting from bleeding underneath the skin, bruising

Question 6

most common MOI anteriorly dislocated shoulder

Answer 6

FOOSH

Question 7

what are the nerve roots tested and their location for the three deep tendon reflex sites

Answer 7

c5 biceps
c6 brachioradialis
c7 triceps

Question 8

why should you perform valgus and varus tests at 0 and 30

Answer 8

0 is for the joint capsule and 30 test the ligaments

Question 9

a drop wrist deformity indicates an injury to which nerve

Answer 9

radial nerve

Question 10

pronator teres syndrome resulting in positive pinch test affects which nerve in the forearm

Answer 10

median nerve

Question 11

what is the afferent (sensory) distribution area for the ulna nerve?

Answer 11

medial triceps

Question 12

what is the afferent (sensory) distribution area for the radial nerve?

Answer 12

medial 4/5th finger to elbow

Question 13

what is the afferent (sensory) distribution area for the median nerve?

Answer 13

2/3 finger web

Question 14

what type of injury should you consider every unconscious person to have until proven otherwise

Answer 14

spinal

Question 15

what do you call an athlete that may exaggerate or fake signs and symptoms in order to avoid practice or competing

Answer 15

1

Question 16

explain how a deep tendon reflex works

Answer 16

when a tendon is given a quick tap it will reflexive contraction

Question 17

explain what a hills-sachs lesion is including the mechanism that causes it and where the lesion is located

Answer 17

posterolateral humeral head compression fracture, anterior shoulder dislocation

Question 18

what is radial tunnel syndrome

Answer 18

direct pressure on a firm object typically following a deep sleep on the arm

Question 19

how does radial tunnel syndrome normally occur

Answer 19

often after alcohol intoxication

Question 20

what is another name for radial tunnel syndrome

Answer 20

Saturday night palsy

Question 21

how can you clinically differentiate lateral epicondylagia and radial tunnel syndrome

Answer 21

if it lasts longer than 6 months it is RTS

Question 22

what are the three compartments of the forearm

Answer 22

volar-
dorsal
mobile wad of henery

Question 23

what muscles compose the mobile wad of henry

Answer 23

brachioradialis

extensor radialis longus and brevis

Question 24

what are the three primary muscles that flex the wrist

Answer 24

Biceps Brachii
Brachialis
Brachioradialis

Question 25

myotome actions for C5-T1

Answer 25

``` c5- shoulder shrugs c6- shoulder abduction c7- elbow extension, wrist flexion c8- finger flexion, grip strenght t1- finger abduction ```

Question 26

what nerve goes through the cubbital tunnel

Answer 26

ulnar nerve

Question 27

what stress test is used to determine laxity in the anterior bundle of the ucl

Answer 27

valgus

Question 28

what stress test is used to determine laxity in the anterior bundle of the lcl

Answer 28

varus

Question 29

What test should be performed in conjunction with the empty can test to ensure you are not obtaining a false positive?

Answer 29

scapular retraction test

Question 30

flexor carpi radialis insertion origin

Answer 30

i- longus- base of second metacarpal, brevis- base of 3rd finger o- longus- distal 1/3 of the lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus, brevis- common extensor tendon from the lateral epicondyle of humerus

Question 31

flexor carpi ulnaris insertion origin

Answer 31

i- base of 5th metacarpal | o- common extensor tendon from the lateral epicondyle of humerus

Question 32

what is acute compartment syndrome

Answer 32

pressure within muscles builds to dangerous lvls.

Question 33

does acute compartment syndrome require immediate referral to a hospital

Answer 33

yes

Question 34

how do you grade deep tendon reflexes

Answer 34

``` 0= no response 1+= hypoflexia, slow 2+= normal 3+= hyperflexia, fast 4+= hyperflexia, exaggerated ```

Question 35

know the 5 types of salter harris fractures

Answer 35

1

Question 36

where is the most common site of osteochondritis in the elbow how does this occur what age group is most often affected

Answer 36

capitellum 13-16 valgus stress with overhead throwing during cocking and follow through.

Question 37

what is the normal carrying angle for men

Answer 37

5-10

Question 38

what is the normal carrying angle for women

Answer 38

10-15

Question 39

explain the joint mechanics resulting in the pathophysiology for osteochondritis dissecans and ulnar collateral ligament damage of the elbow in the overhead throwing athletes

Answer 39

The medial elbow has compressive force on the medial side of the elbow and tensional force on the lateral side of the elbow. Injuries that this can cause is UCL sprain, osteochondritis dissecans. Ways to prevent this injury is to reduce throwing in younger individuals and to increase strength, using proper form.

Question 40

what are the 2 primary elbow extenders

Answer 40

triceps brachii | anconeus

Question 41

what are the 3 primary elbow flexors

Answer 41

biceps brachii brachialis brachoradialis

Question 42

what motion occurs at the humeroulnar articulation

Answer 42

flexion/extension

Question 43

what motion occurs at the humeroradial articulation

Answer 43

flexion/extension | pronation/supination

Question 44

know the 3 bundles of the ucl and where they are attached and how the support the elbow

Answer 44

anterior, posterior and transverse

Question 45

Cubital varus caused by a condylar fracture or distal epiphyseal injury to the humerus is called?

Answer 45

gunstock deformity

Question 46

Explain how glenohumeral internal rotation deficit (GIRD) contributes to a chronic ulnar collateral ligament injury.

Answer 46

1

Question 47

What muscles need to be strengthened to treat an UCL sprain?

Answer 47

triceps, wrist flexors and pronators, and anconeus

Question 48

What other structure can be injured with a radial collateral ligament sprain?

Answer 48

annular ligament

Question 49

List the five major parts of the brachial plexus starting at the spinal cord and extending distally

Answer 49

5 Roots C5- T1 3 Trunks 6 Divisions 3 Cords

Question 50

what is another name for tennis elbow

Answer 50

lateral epicondylitis

Question 51

explain the pathophysiology of little leaguer's elbow and how its prevented

Answer 51

avulsion of tendon from medial epicondyle, | limit amount of pitches

Question 52

what is the most common MOI for distal biceps brachii tendon rupture

Answer 52

acute injury to overstretch or eccentric loading of biceps brachii

Question 53

in what area would cubital tunnel syndrome create neurological symptoms

Answer 53

1

Question 54

what are volkmann's ischemic contractures and what type of injury can cause them

Answer 54

compartment syndrome | permanent shortening of forearm muscles, claw like deformity to hand

Question 55

explain MOI, direction of movement and care of a dislocated elbow

Answer 55

posterior, loading force in slight flexion | reduced by doctor may be fracture or neurovascular issues

Question 56

explain the developmental issues at the elbow for adolescents who participate in overhead throwing sprots

Answer 56

medial epicondyle will be bigger

Question 57

explain how you can check the bony alignment of the elbow during inspection

Answer 57

3 dots medial lateral epicondyle and olecranon process

Question 58

golfers elbow

Answer 58

medial epicondylitis

Question 59

pinch grip test

Answer 59

ulnar nerve entrapment

Question 60

resistive tennis elbow test

Answer 60

lateral epicondylitis

Question 61

valgus stress test

Answer 61

ucl sprain

Question 62

varus stress test

Answer 62

rcl spain

Question 63

moving valgus stress test

Answer 63

ucl sprain

Question 64

cozens test

Answer 64

lateral epicondylitis

Question 65

tinel's sign

Answer 65

unlar nerve entrapment