Exam2 Flashcards
(92 cards)
1
Q
genu recurvatum
A
knee bends backwards
2
Q
genu valgum
A
knees angle in and touch
3
Q
genu varum
A
outward bowing of knees
4
Q
scoliosis
A
sideways curvature of the spine
5
Q
sensitivity
A
true positive rate
detects who truly have disorder
6
Q
specificity
A
true negative rate
detects who don’t have the disorder
7
Q
positive likelihood ration
A
expresses the change in our confidence that a condition is present when the test is positive
8
Q
negative likelihood ration
A
expresses the probability that the pathology is still present even though the test was negative
9
Q
myotome
A
testing muscular strength, efferent nerve, motor
10
Q
dermatome
A
sensory, testing sensation, afferent nerve
11
Q
difference between a myotome and dermatome
A
one is for skin and one is for muscle
12
Q
deep tendon reflex physiology
A
travels to spinal cord
monosynaptic reflex
causes muscle to lengthen at fast rate
13
Q
for a joint to have greater motion what does it have to sacrifice
A
stability
14
Q
o’brien
+ sign
what does it indicate
A
patient sits, shoulder at 90 foward flexion, 40 horizontal adduction and maximal IR
pain or clicking when the arm is in full IR but not when the arm is in neutral rotation
SLAP
15
Q
anterior apprehension
+sign and indicates
A
supine, elbow 90, abduct shoulder to 90, apply pressure
apprehension
labral lesion, bony lesion
16
Q
posterior apprehension
+ sing and indicates
A
supine, 90, stabilize scapula, push down, pull in, medial rotate
apprehension
glenohumeral instability anterior
17
Q
scapular assistance test
+ sign and indicates
A
hold shoulder, and inferior angle of scapular, have abduction assist motion
pain reduced as therapist assists active elevation by applying posterior tilt and external rotation
weakness of scapular stabilizers
SD
18
Q
scapular retraction test
+ sign and indicates
A
hold top of shoulder, and press scapula into chest, perform empty can test
pain from the empty can is reduced
weakness of scapular stabilizers, DS
19
Q
empty can test
+ sign and indicates
A
elevate arms to 90 of IR, downward pressure
pain
supraspinatus impingement
20
Q
hawkins-kennedy
+ sign and indicates
A
sitting, elevate to 90, passive IR
pain
subacromial impingement
21
Q
correct order for evaluating an injury
A
History
observation
palpation
special tests
22
Q
4 rotator cuff muscles
actions
A
supraspinatus
infraspinatus
teres minor
subscapularis
23
Q
sternoclavicular joint type
A
plane style synovial joint
24
Q
glenohumeral joint type
A
true synovial ball and socket
25
acromioclavicular joint type
plane style synovial joint
26
areas of innervation of myotomes and dermatomes
```
myotomes
C5- shoulder shrugs
C6- wrist extension
C7- elbow extension and wrist flexion
c8- thumb extension and finger flexion
T1- finger abduction
dermatomes
C5- lateral antecubial fossa
C6- thumb
C7- middle finger
C8- little finger
T1- medial antecubital fossa
```
27
5 terminal nerves of upper extremity
```
musculocutaneous
axillary
radial
median
ulnar
```
28
ligament grading scale 1-3
1 mild tear
2 moderate tear
3 severe ruptured
29
what muscles attach to the coracoid process
pectoralis minor, coracobrachialis, short head of the biceps brachii,
30
when to perform a neurovascular assessment
dislocation, impingement
31
3 components of evidence based practice
best research evidence
clinical expertise
patient values
32
hills-sach lesion
moi
where located
fracture of humerus, corticol depression in the postolatereal head of the humerus
forceful impaction of the humeral head against the anterioinferior glenoid
33
how does a reverse sachs lesion differ from hills sach lesion
on the anterior superior aspect of the humeral head from posterior shoulder dislocation
34
biceps brachii
action
insert
origin
a- flex elbow, supinate forearm, flex shoulder
i- tuberosity of the radius and aponeurosis of the biceps brachii
o- SH- coracoid process, LH- supraglenoid tubercle of scapula
35
triceps brachii
action-
insert
origin
a- extend the elbow
i- olecranon process of the ulna
o- LH- infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula
LatH- posterior surface of proximal half of the humerus
MedH- posterior surface of distal half of the humerus
36
deltoid
action
insert
origin
a- all- abduct shoulder, antfib- flex shoulder, medially rotate shoulder, horizontally adduct shoulder, postfib- extend shoulder, laterally rotate shoulder, horizontally adduct
i- deltoid tuberosity
o- lateral 1/3 of clavicle, acromion process, and spine of the scapula
37
suprspinatus
action
insert
origin
a- abduct shoulder, stabilize head of humerus
i- greater tubercle of the humerus
o- supraspinous fossa of scapula
38
infraspinatus
action
insert
origin
a- laterally rotate shoulder, adduct shoulder, stabilize head of humerus
i- greater tubercle of the humerus
o- infraspinous fossa of scapula
39
subscapularus
action
insert
origin
a- medially rotate shoulder, stabilize head of humerus
i- lesser tubercle of humerus
o- subscapular fossa of the scapula
40
teres minor
action
insert
origin
a- laterally rotate shoulder, adduct shoulder, stabilize head of humerus
i- greater tubercle of the humerus
o- upper 2/3 of lateral border of the scapula
41
teres major
action
insert
origin
a- extend shoulder, adduct shoulder, medially rotate shoulder
i- crest of the lesser tubercle of the humerus
o- inferior angle and lower 1/3 of lateral border of the scapula
42
latissimus dorsi
action
insert
origin
a- extend shoulder, adduct shoulder, medially rotate shouder
i- intertubercular groove of the humerus
o- inferior angle of the scapula, spinous processes of last 6 thoracic vertebrae, last 3 or 4 ribs, thoracolumbar aponeurosis and posterior iliac crest
43
corocobrachialis
action
insert
origin
a- flex shoulder, adduct shoulder
i- medial surface of mid-humeral shaft
o- coracoid process of the scapula
44
brachialis
action
insert
origin
a- flex elbow
i- tuberosity and coronoid process of ulna
o- distal half of anterior surface of humerus
45
levator scapulae
action
insert
origin
a- unilaterally- elevate scapula, downwardly rotate scapula, laterally flex head and neck, rotate head and neck to same side
bilaterally- extend the neck and head
i- medial border of scapula, between superior angle and superior portion of spine of scapula
o- transverse processes of 1st - 4th cervical vertebrae
46
trapezius
action
insert
origin
a- upper- bilaterally- extend head and neck, bilaterally- laterally flex head and neck to same side, rotate head and neck to opposite sides, elevate the scapula, upwardly rotate scapula
middle- adduct scapula, stabilize scapula, lower- depress scapula, upwardly rotate scapula
i- lateral 1/3 of clavicle, acromion process, and spine of scapula
o- external occipital protuberance, medial portion of superior nuchal line of the occiput, ligamentum nuchae and spinous process of c7-t12
47
deep tendon grading scale
```
0= no response
1+= hypoflexia, slow
2+= normal
3+= hyperflexia, fast
4+= hyperflexia, exaggerated
```
48
5 roles of the scapula
```
provide stability for GH articulation
retraction and protraction along the thorax
elevation of the acromion
provides site for muscular attachment
serves as a kinetic link
```
49
4 structures that can be impinged in the shoulder
subacromial
1st rib- clavicle
anterior and middle scalene muscles
under pec mind tendon if tight
50
5 different types of salter harris fractures
type 1- complete separation of epiphysis to metaphysis w/o fx to bone
type 2- separation of growth plate and small portion of metaphysis
type 3- fracture of the epiphysis
type 4- fx of portion of epiphysis and metaphysis
type 5- crushing force, no displacement
51
what is a salter harris fracture
fracture that involves the growth plate,
52
normal rom degrees
| flexion
170-180
53
normal rom degrees
| extension
50-60
54
normal rom degrees
| abduction
170-180
55
normal rom degrees
| adduction
30-50
56
normal rom degrees
| internal rotation
70-80
57
normal rom degrees
| external rotation
80-90
58
normal rom degrees
| horizontal abduction
40-45
59
normal rom degrees
| horizontal adduction
125-135
60
brachial plexus originates from what nerve roots
C5-T1
61
which parascapular muscle is the 1st and most affected by inhibition to pain
serratus anterior
62
what ligament is torn in a bankart lesion
inferior glenohumeral labrum
63
what injury is common with a bankart lesion
anterior dislocation
64
3 classification of scapular dyskinesis
type 1- inferior border
type 2- medial border
type 3- superior medial border
65
4 types of acromion shapes
type 1- flat
type 2- curved
type 3- hooked
type 4- bone spur
66
4 different types of SLAP lesions
1- degenerative fraying of the labrum near insertion of LHBT
2- avulsion of the glenoid labrum w/ an associated tear of LHBT
3- bucket handle tear of the labrum w/ displacement of the fragment, no LHBT
4- bucket handle tear of labru w/ associated tearing of LHBT
67
what is a SLAP lesion
Superior labrum anterior posterior
68
what is thoracic outlet syndrome
group of disorders that occur when blood vessels or nerves in the space between your collarbone and your first rib (thoracic outlet) are compressed. This can cause pain in your shoulders and neck and numbness in your fingers
69
what structures are involved in TOS
brachial plexus
subclavian artery
subclavian vein
70
3 location where these structures can be impinged in TOS
1st rib- clavicle
anterior and middle scalene muscles
under pec mind tendon if tight
71
special tests for TOS
Allen’s Test
Adson’s maneuver
Roos Test
Military Brace Test
72
what ligament holes the long head of the biceps brachii tendon in the bicipital groove
transverse humeral ligament
73
what is the most common MOI in the upper extremity
FOOSH
74
anterior dislocation MOI
blow to abducted, externally rotated shoulder
75
what nerve injury can cause winging of the scapula
injury to muscles that control scapula
| serratus anterior
76
idiopathic
unkown, spontaneous
77
muscle contraction that is most damaging from an injury perspective
eccentric
78
explain how a tight posterior capsule of the shoulder can affect proper scapular motion
limits movement of the joint
79
explain what structures are damaged in the anterior shoulder dislocation
vascular, bone, ligaments
80
explain how anterior instability can affect the normal functioning of the GH joint
1
81
explain how posterior instability can affect the normal functioning of the GH joint
1
82
how to perform exam with HOPS
history, observation, palpation, special tests
83
types of shoulder impingment
primary subacromial
| secondary subacromial
84
neer 1973 stages of impinement
stage 1- younger, swelling in RC, pain with activity
stage 2- thickening, pain during and after activity, not reversable
stage 3- partial or full thickness tears of RC tendons
85
brachial plexus schema
5 Roots C5- T1
3 Trunks
6 Divisions
3 Cords
86
origin
fixed attachment
87
insert
moves with contraction
88
rhomboid
action
insert
orgin
a- adduct scapula, elevate scapula, downwardly rotate scapula
i- major- medial border of the scapula between the spine of scaupla and inferior angle, minor- upper portion of medial border of the scapula, across from the spine of the scapula
o- major- spinous process of T2-T5, minor- spinous process of C7-T1
89
serratus anterior
action
insert
origin
a- abduct, upwardly rotate, and depress scapula, hold medial border of scapula to rib cage
i- anterior surface of medial border of the scapula
o- external surface of upper eight or nine ribs
90
parascapular muscles
upper trap
lower trap
serratus anterior
91
how to check dermatomes
touch/no touch
hot/cold
dull/sharp
2 pt discrimination
92
DTR
C5- biceps
C6- Brachioradialis
C7- Triceps
