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Electrical Stimulation Flashcards

(52 cards)

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1
Q

Transfer of Electrons

A

Charge

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2
Q

Net charge of an object

A

Polarity

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3
Q

4 Fundamental Properties of ES

A

Positive & Negative charge
Like charges repel, opposites attract
Charge is neither created nor destroyed
Charge can be transferred

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4
Q

Net negative pole, produces positive charge

A

Cathode

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5
Q

Net positive pole, produces negative charge

A

Anode

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6
Q

Positive Ion

A

Cation

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7
Q

Negative Ion

A

Anion

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8
Q

Force that pushes charge

A

Voltage

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9
Q

Movement of Ions

A

Current (Amp/A)

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10
Q

Allows free movement

A

Conductors

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11
Q

Does not allow free movement

A

Insulators

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12
Q

Ohm’s Law

A

I = V/R = ohm

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13
Q

Opposition to flow of current

A

Resistance

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14
Q

Form of resistance that is frequency-dependent

A

Impedance

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15
Q

Produced by interference of 2 mediums (1,000 - 10,000 Hz) and is quadripolar

A

Interferential Current (IFC)

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16
Q

Twin-peaked monophasic pulsed current (150 to 500 V)

A

High Volt Pulsed Current (HVPC)

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17
Q

Effects of IFC

A

Therapeutic effects
Pain modulation
Muscle contraction

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18
Q

Effects of HVPC

A

Pain modulation
Wound/tissue healing

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19
Q

2,500 Hz carrier frequency and used for quads strengthening

A

Russian protocol

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20
Q

Other name for Russian Protocol

A

Medium Frequency Burst AC (MFburstAC)

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21
Q

Time-dependent parameters

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A

Pulse duration
Phase duration
Interpulse interval

22
Q

Magnitude of the current

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A

Amplitude/Voltage/Intensity

23
Q

of cycles/second

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A

Frequency (Hz/pps)

24
Q

Time which a train of pulses occur

25
Time which there are no current flows
Off time
26
From zero to max amplitude
Ramp up time
27
Current amplitude to zero
Ramp down time
28
Effects of ES
Stimulation of AP in nerves Muscle depolarization Ionic effects
29
Contraindications of ES
Pacemakers Placement over carotid sinus Areas of venous/arterial thrombosis of thromobophlebitis Pregnancy
30
Precautions of ES
Cardiac disease Impaired mentation/sensation Malignant tumors Areas of skin irritation/wounds
31
Fibers recruited by physiological ms contraction
Slow-twitch Type I ms fibers
32
Fibers recruited by electrical stimulation ms contraction
Fast twitch Type II ms fibers
33
2 principles of ES ms contraction
Overload Specificity
34
Application of EC to motor nerves to produce contractions of ms they innervate
Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation (NMES)
35
Application of EC to produce ms contraction during functional activity
Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES)
36
Application of EC directly on to the ms to produce contraction
Electrical Muscle Stimulation (EMS)
37
Parameters for muscle strengthening
PF: 35-80 pps/Hz PD: 150-200 μs (Small), 200-350 μs (Large) On/Off: 1:5 RT: 2 secs TT: 10-20 mins x/Day: Every 2-3 hrs
38
Parameters for muscle reeducation
PF: 35-50 pps/Hz PD: 150-200 μs (Small), 200-350 μs (Large) On/Off: depends on functional activity RT: 2 sec TT: Depends on functional activity (10-20 mins) x/Day: NA
39
Muscle spasm reduction
PF: 35-50 pps/Hz PD: 150-200 μs (Small), 200-350 μs (Large) On/Off: 1:1 (2-5 seconds) RT: 1 secs TT: 10-30 mins x/Day: Every 2-3 hrs
40
Application of ES to Ortho conditions
ACL reocnstruction
41
Application of ES to Ortho conditions
ACL reconstruction Total Knee Arthroplasty RA PFPS
42
Short-duration, higher frequency pulses. Stimulates A beta; acute and chronic pain
Conventional TENS (high-rate TENS)
43
Longer pulse duration and higher amplitudes. Stimulates A delta.
Acupuncture-like TENS (low-rate TENS)
44
Stimulation is delivered in bursts. Stimulates A delta and beta.
Burst-mode TENS
45
Indicated for painful procedure such as labor and wound debridement
Brief-intense TENS
46
Uses small electrodes to focal effect
Hyper-stimulation TENS
47
Electrodes are placed on the skin overlying acupuncture points
Electroacupuncture
48
Parameters for Conventional TENS
PF: 100-150 pps/Hz PD: 50-80 μs A: Tingling TT: Maybe used for 24 hrs P: Acute/Chronic
49
Parameters for Acupuncture
PF: 2-10 pps/Hz PD: 200-300 μs A: Visible contraction TT: 20-30 mins P: Chronic
50
Parameters for Burst-mode
PF: 50-100 pps/Hz PD: 50-200 μs A: Visible contraction TT: 20-30 mins P: Diffuse
51
Parameters for Brief Intense
PF: 80-150 pps/Hz PD: 50-250 μs A: Highest tolerable TT: < 15 mins P: Painful procedures
52
Parameters for Hyperstimulation
PF: 1-5 pps/Hz PD: 150-300 μs A: Visible contraction TT: 30-60 secs/area P: MPS, Taut bands

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