Ultrasound

Question 1

How many cycles per second does an Ultrasound have?

Answer 1

> 20,000 cycles per second

Question 2

Effects of Ultrasound

Answer 2

Thermal
Non-thermal

Question 3

Thermal effects of Ultrasound

Answer 3

Accelerates Metabolism
Reduces muscle spasm
Pain Control
Increased circulation
Increased soft tissue extensability

Question 4

Tissues heated by Ultrasound are rich in what structural protein

Answer 4

Collagen

Question 5

Non-thermal effects of Ultrasound

Answer 5

Acoustic Streaming
Micro Streaming
Cavitation
Increases intracellular calcium levels

Question 6

Indications

Answer 6

Dermal Ulcers
Soft Tissue Shortening
Pain Control
Surgical Skin Incisions
Reabsorption of Calcium Deposits

Question 7

What is the parameters for soft tissue extensibility?

Answer 7

F = 1mHz, I = 1.5 -> 2.5 watts/cm^2
F = 3 mHz, I = 0.5 -> 1 watts/cm^2
Continuous
5-10 mins

Question 8

Does pulsed Ultrasound help in wound healing?

Answer 8

Yes

Question 9

Parameters for Dermal Ulcers

Answer 9

F = 3 mHz, I = 0.8 -> 1 watts/cm^2
Duty cycle: 1/5 or 20% pulsed
5-10 mins

Question 10

Parameters for Pain Relief

Answer 10

F = 3 mHz, I = 0.5 -> 0.8 watts/cm^2
Duty Cycle: Continuous
5-10 mins

Question 11

Parameters for Surgical Skin Incisions

Answer 11

F = 3mHz, I = 0.5 -> 0.8 watts/cm^2
Duty Cycle: Pulsed 20%
3-5 mins

Question 12

Indications of Ultrasound (2)

Answer 12

Phonophoresis
Bone Fractures
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

Question 13

Parameters for Tendons and Ligaments Injuries

Answer 13

F = 1 or 3 mHz, I = 0.5 -> 2.5 watts/cm^2
Duty Cycle: Continuous or Pulsed
3-5 mins

Question 14

Parameters for Bone Fractures

Answer 14

F = 1.5 mHz, I = 0.15 watts/cm^2
Duty Cycle: 20% Pulsed
15-20 mins

Question 15

Parameters for Phonophoresis

Answer 15

F = 3 mHz, I = 0.5 -> 0.75 watts/cm^2
Duty Cycle = 20% Pulsed
5-10 mins

Question 16

Contraindications of Ultrasound

Answer 16

Malignant Tumor
Pregnancy
Joint Cement
Pacemaker
Plastic conponents

Question 17

Precautions of Ultrasound

Answer 17

Acute inflammation
Epiphyseal Plates
Fractures
Breast Implants

Question 18

Adverse effects of Ultrasound

Answer 18

Burn
Cross contamination or infection of patients
Blood Cell Stasis

Question 19

Frequency for 5 cm deep tissue

Answer 19

1 mHz

Question 20

Frequency for 1-2 cm deep tissue

Answer 20

3 mHz

Question 21

Duty cycle with increased temperature

Answer 21

Continuous

Question 22

Duty cycle that is non-thermal without tissue heating

Answer 22

Pulsed

Question 23

Intensity for 1 mHz

Answer 23

1.5 -> 2.0 watts/cm^2

Question 24

Intensity for 3 mHz

Answer 24

0.5 watts/cm^2

Question 25

What is the suggested treatment area

Answer 25

Twice the ERA and treated for 5-10 mins

Question 26

Limitation of Ultrasound treatment area

Answer 26

Not > 4 x the ERA

Question 27

How many treatments would it take for the Ultrasound effect to reflect?

Answer 27

1-3 treatments

Question 28

Ultrasound is applicable to subacute or chronic healing stages

Answer 28

True

Question 29

Parameter for moving the sound head

Answer 29

4 cm/sec