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Science 9 > Electricity > Flashcards

Electricity Flashcards

(66 cards)

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1
Q

What is a Circuit?

A

A circuit is a closed loop that allows electric current to flow.

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2
Q

What is Friction

A

Friction is a force that acts between two objects that are in contact with one another. Friction occurs when object rub against each other.

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3
Q

How can Friction affect objects?

A

When two objects rub together, friction can move electrons from one object to the other. The object that loses electrons becomes positive, and the one that gains electrons becomes negative.

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4
Q

What is electron affinity?

A

Electron affinity is the tendency of a substance to hold on to electrons

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5
Q

What is a build up of electrons called?

A

A buildup of electrons is called static electric charge.

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6
Q

What subatomic particle has no net charge?

A

Neutrons

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7
Q

What is the Triboelectric series?

A

The Triboelectric series ranks materials based on their tendency to gain or lose electrons.

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8
Q

Object with like charges ________________________

A

REPEL

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9
Q

Objects with different charges __________________

A

ATTRACT

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10
Q

How do neutral materials & negative materials interact?

A

Neutral and negative materials will attract.

Why: The neutral object has no charge, but the negative object has extra

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11
Q

How do neutral materials & positive materials interact?

A

Neutral and positive materials will attract.

Why: The neutral object still has tiny positive and negative parts. The

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12
Q

Electrons don’t transfer unless the items _______________

A

TOUCH

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13
Q

Are large items neutral, positive, or negative?

A

Neutral

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14
Q

What happens when a neutral object touches a negatively charged object and you do the same thing again?

A

It will gain more electrons and become more negatively charged.

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15
Q

What is Ohm’s Law?

A

A law that looks at how voltage varies with current in an electric circuit

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16
Q

What is Current?

A

Current is the flow of electric charge (electrons) in a circuit.

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17
Q

What is Resistance?

A

Resistance is how difficult it is for electricity to flow through a circuit

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18
Q

What is Voltage?

A

Voltage is the amount of energy each electron has.

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19
Q

Longer Wire➜ ? Resistance

A

Bigger Resistance

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20
Q

Thick Wire➜ ? Resistance

A

Smaller

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21
Q

Big temperatures➜? Resistance

A

Big Resistance

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22
Q

Material➜? materials have ? resistances

A

Different materials have different resistances

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23
Q

Do appliances use low or high resistors? Why?

A

Appliances use high resistors to control the flow of electricity and produce heat (e.g. in toasters).

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24
Q

Do equipment use low or high resistors? Why?

A

Equipment uses low resistors to allow electricity to flow easily and operate efficiently.

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25
Formula to find voltage
V = I × R
26
Formula to find Current
I = V ÷ R
27
Formula to find Resistances
R = V ÷ I
28
What happens when batteries are hooked up in series?
Voltage increases when batteries are hooked in series. (You would add the voltages together)
29
What is an ohmic resistor?
An ohmic resistor is a resistor that follows Ohm’s Law (constant resistance regardless of voltage). When the resistances are the same for different scenarios.
30
In what case would the resistor be ohmic?
If the voltage and current are directly proportional. (Equivalent- same Resistance)
31
What happens when the the switch is opened/closed? Explain
Open switch = no current; closed switch = current flows. | Why: Electricity needs a complete loop (circuit) to flow. A closed switc
32
What happens to the brightness of two light bulbs in a series circuit compared to a series circuit with one light bulb?
They are dimmer because the voltage is shared between the two bulbs.
33
Are light bulbs brighter when hooked in series or in parallel?
Brighter in parallel, because each bulb gets the full voltage.
34
Is it possible for a positively chraged object to give protons to another object.
No, a positively charged object cannot give protons to another object. | Protons are stuck in the nucleus of atoms. They're not free to move arou ## Footnote Instead, the positively charged object pulls electrons from the neutral object toward itself, causing attraction.
35
Can a neutral object and a charged object (positive or negative) start repelling?
No, not at first. Neutral objects are always attracted to charged ones because the charges inside the neutral object shift. But if the neutral object becomes charged (by gaining or losing electrons), and gets the same charge, then they will repel.
36
Can a positively charged object give protons to a neutral object and cause repelling?
No. Protons don’t move—they stay in the nucleus. Only electrons can move between objects. Repelling only happens if the neutral object loses electrons and becomes positively charged, like the other object.
37
Is the voltage across a bulb greater in series or in parallel? WHY?
Greater in parallel — because each bulb gets full voltage from the battery.
38
Is the current greater in a series or in a parallel? WHY?
Greater in parallel — because there are more paths for electricity to flow.
39
What do you think would happen if one of the bulbs burnt out in a parallel circuit? Explain.
The other bulbs stay on — because they have their own paths to the battery.
40
Create a circuit that contains a battery, conducting wire, 1 light in series & 2 lights in parallel, with a switch that shuts off ONLY ONE light bulb. Explain how this happened?
Put a switch next to just one of the parallel bulbs. It turns only that one off How the switch works: If the switch is ON, electricity flows through that path and Bulb 3 lights up If the switch is OFF, electricity can’t go through, so Bulb 3 stays off Bulb 2 still works because it’s on its own parallel path without a switch ## Footnote Why it works: Because Bulbs 2 and 3 are in parallel, they each have separate paths. A switch in one path only affects that bulb, not the whole circuit.
41
What would happen to this circuit? Look at paper
42
Does it matter where you put your components in a circuit?
Yes — it changes how electricity flows and what parts turn on.
43
Explain the process of electrons flowing in a circuit.
Electrons move from the negative side of the battery to the positive side through wires.
44
There are 2 sets of Christmas lights. One set is hooked up in series, while another is hooked up in a parallel. Which one would you buy? Explain your answer.
Parallel — if one bulb dies, the others still work.
45
When would you buy an item that is hooked up in a series?
If you want it to all shut off together, like in some alarms.
46
When would you buy an item that is hooked up in a parallel?
If you want things to work on their own, like in home lights.
47
When would you buy an item that has bigger resistance?
If you want to slow down the current, like in a heater.
48
When would you buy an item that has smaller resistance?
If you want lots of current, like in a charger.
49
State how voltage behaves when flowing through a series/parallel circuit
In series, voltage is shared (Vb=V1+V2+V3). In parallel, each gets full voltage (Voltage stays the same).
50
State how current behaves when flowing through a series/parallel circuit
In series, current is the same everywhere. In parallel, it's split between paths. (I-in=I-out)
51
State how resistance behaves when flowing through a series/parallel circuit
In series, total resistance adds up. In parallel, total resistance is less.
52
What is the Kirchhoff's Laws?
Explains how voltage & current travel in series & in a parallel circuit
53
What are electric charges?
A: Tiny particles like electrons (-) and protons (+) in atoms.
54
Are electrons lost during the process of charging?
A: No, they're just moved from one object to another.
55
How are solid materials transferred?
Electrons rub off when solids touch or slide — like socks on carpet.
56
What is a circuit diagram?
A drawing that shows how parts are connected in a circuit.
57
How are components arranged in parallel/series.
Series = one path. Parallel = many paths.
58
How do combinations of series/parallel circuit help?
A: They give more control — like turning some lights off while others stay on.
59
Q: Draw the symbol for a light bulb and explain its function.
💡 (Circle with a loop inside) It lights up when electricity goes through it.
60
Draw the symbol for a cell, battery and explain its function.
🔋 (Two lines – one long, one short) It gives power to the circuit.
61
Draw the symbol for conducting wire and explain its function.
— (Straight line) It connects parts of the circuit so electricity can flow.
62
Draw the symbol for a switch and explain its function.
⏼ or a break in the wire It opens and closes the circuit. Open = off, Closed = on.
63
Draw the symbol for a resistor and explain its function.
A zigzag line (⚡ or like this: ─//─) It slows down the flow of electricity.
64
Draw the symbol for a ammeter and explain its function.
A circle with an “A” in it It measures how much electricity is flowing (current).
65
Draw the symbol for a voltage and explain its function.
A circle with a “V” in it It measures how strong the push of electricity is (voltage).
66

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