ELECTROLYTE

Question 1

These are ions capable of carrying an electric charge

Answer 1

ELECTROLYTES

Question 2

what is the average water content of the human body

Answer 2

40-75%

-decreases dues to ADVANCE AGE AND OBESITY

Question 3

(1/3) one third of the total body water (16L)

Answer 3

Extracellular fluid

Question 4

(2/3) two third of the total body water (24L)

Answer 4

Intracellular fluid

Question 5

Composition of the Normal Plasma

Answer 5

93% water , 7% solute

Question 6

Retention of 3L of fluid in the tissue will result to?

Answer 6

edema

Question 7

-it also known as “natrium”
-major extracellular CATION

Answer 7

Sodium

Question 8

reference value for sodium

Answer 8

135-145 mmol/L

Question 9

Volume and osmotic regulation

Answer 9

Na+, K+ Cl-

Question 10

Myocardial rhythm and contractility, and neuromuscular excitability

Answer 10

k+, ca+, mg+

Question 11

Cofactors in enzyme activation

Answer 11

Ca+, Mg{, Zn2+, Cl-

Question 12

Regulation of ATpase-ion pumps

Answer 12

Mg+

Question 13

Blood Coagulation

Answer 13

Ca+, Mg+

Question 14

Production and use of ATP from glucose

Answer 14

Mg2+, PO4

Question 15

Maintenance of Acid Base balance

Answer 15

k+, Cl-, HCO3

Question 16

measurement of light emitted by atoms following by HEAT ENERGY

Answer 16

atomic emission spectrophotometry/ flame photometry

Question 17

Color of light emitted by Na, K, Lithium

Answer 17

Na= yellow
k= purple
lithium- red

Question 18

Measurement of the amount tight absorbed by GROUND STATE ATOMS

Answer 18

Atomic absorption spectrophotometry

Question 19

Measurement of electrical potential (voltage) due to the activity of free ions

Answer 19

Potentiometry

Question 20

Measurement of the current flow produced by an OXIDATION-REDUCTION REACTION

Answer 20

Amperometry/ polarography

Question 21

Measurement of the amount electricity in coulombs at a fixed potential

Answer 21

Coulometry

Question 22

Methods used for sodium

Answer 22

1. ISE
2. FEP
3. Albanese-lein -colorimetric method

Question 23

-major intracellular cation
-concentration is 20x greater inside the cells
-most important analyte in terms of an abnormality being immediately life threatening

Answer 23

Potassium

Question 24

Methods used for Potassium

Answer 24

1. Ise
2. FEP
3. Lockhead-purcell

Question 25

Major extracellular ANION -chief counter ion of sodium -maintains electric neutrality through chloride shift -only anion to serve as an enzyme activator

Answer 25

Chloride

Question 26

Methods used for Chloride

Answer 26

1. ISE 2. Amerometric-coulometric titration 3. Mercurimetric titration method 4. Colorimetric-spectrophotometric method

Question 27

-intracellular cation second to potassium -essential cofactor of more than 300 enzyme

Answer 27

Magnesium

Question 28

Methods used for Magnesium

Answer 28

1. AAS 2. Colorimetric Method- uses calmagitee 3. Dye-lake method- uses titan yellow, clayton yellow or thiazole yellow

Question 29

-involved in blood coagulation, enzyme activity, excitability of skeletal and cardia muscle

Answer 29

Calcium

Question 30

Organs involved in calcium homeostasis

Answer 30

Parathyroid gland, bone, SI , kidney

Question 31

Methods used for Calcium

Answer 31

1. AAS 2. ISE 3. Dye-binding/Colorimetric Methods - uses cresolpthalein or arseno dye 4. Redox Titration Methods- clark collip or ferro -Ham

Question 32

-component of several essential biomolecules -inversely related to calcium

Answer 32

Phosphate

Question 33

Method used in Phosphate

Answer 33

1. Ammonium Molybdate method - fiske subbarow method