Electrolyte imbalance - presentation and management

Question 1

How does hyponatraemia present

Answer 1

N+V
Confusion
Headache
Seizures
Redeuced consciouness

Question 2

What is the management of hyponatraemia

Answer 2

3% hypertonic saline - 150ml over 15 minutes

Question 3

How does hypernatraemia present

Answer 3

thirst
confusion
muscle twitching
spasms

Question 4

How do you manage hypernatraemia

Answer 4

5% dextrose - 1L over 12 hours

Question 5

How does hypokalaemia present

Answer 5

Arrhythmias
tremor
muscle weakness
cramp
constipation

Question 6

How does hyperkalemia present

Answer 6

Arrhythmia
lethargy
muscle weakness

Question 7

What is the manageemnt of hyperkalaemia

Answer 7

Calcium gluconate 10% - 30ml

Actarapid 10 units in 250ml with 10% dextrose IV over 30 minutes

Nebulised salbutamol

Question 8

How does hypercalcaemia present

Answer 8

Painful bones
renal stones
abdominal groans
psychic moans

Question 9

What is the management of hypercalcaemia

Answer 9

0.9% Nacl 1000ml - over 4 hours

Question 10

How does hypocalcaemia present

Answer 10

CATs go numb
Convulsions
Arrhythmia - QT prolongations
Tetany
Numbness

Question 11

What is the management of hypocalcemia

Answer 11

10ml 10% calcium gluconate IV over 10 minutes