Electronegativity And Bond Polarity

Question 1

What is electronegativity?

Answer 1

Electronegativity is an atoms ability to pull a shared pair of electrons towards itself.

Question 2

What are intermolecular attractions/forces?

Answer 2

Attractions between one molecule and a neighbouring molecule.

Question 3

What are the conditions for permanent dipole- permanent dipole attractions?

Answer 3

It needs to be a polar molecule (poles caused by difference in electronegativity values, one atom has to be more electronegative than the other).

Question 4

What conditions are needed for London (dispersion) attractions to occur?

Answer 4

The molecules have to be non-polar, only happen temporarily caused by electrons changing position and causing a temporary pole which can cause another non-polar molecule approaching to be induced by the temporary pole.

Question 5

What conditions are needed for hydrogen bonding to occur?

Answer 5

There has to be a hydrogen directly attached to an oxygen, nitrogen or fluorine (these are very electronegative molecules)
There must be a lone pair on the electronegative molecule.