Electronics

Question 1

It is the branch of engineering which is concerned with the design of circuits using transistors and microchips, and with the behavior and movement of electrons in a semiconductor, conductor, vacuum, or gas.

Answer 1

Electronics

Question 2

It is a device which controls the flow of electrons.
These devices are the main building blocks of electronic circuits.

Answer 2

Electronic device

Question 3

The motion of electrons through a conductor produces _________.

Answer 3

Electric current

Question 4

Give 3 Examples of Semiconductor Devices

Answer 4

Resistor
Capacitor
Diode
IC’s
Transistor
OP-Amp

Question 5

What is the electric components

Answer 5

Active and Passive Components

Question 6

WHAT ARE THE APPLICATIONS OF ELECTRONICS?

Answer 6

1. Consumer Electronics
2. Industrial Electronics
3. Smart Grid Systems
4. Industrial Automation and Motion Control
5. Image Processing
6. Medical Applications
7. Meteorological and Oceanographic
8. Defense and Aerospace
9. Automotive

Question 7

Passive Components

Answer 7

Resistors (fixed or variable)
Capacitors
Inductors

Question 8

Active Components

Answer 8

Diodes
Transistors
Integrated Circuits
Display devices (LCD)
LED
CRTs
Power sources
PV cells
Other AC and DC supply
sources

Question 9

Are a special class of elements having a
conductivity between that of a good conductor and that of an insulator.

Answer 9

Semiconductors

Question 10

Materials commonly used in the development of semiconductor devices:

Answer 10

i. Silicon (Si)
ii. Germanium (Ge)
iii. Gallium Arsenide (GaAs)

Question 11

Valence electrons of one atom of these materials form a ________ .

Answer 11

bonding arrangement

Question 12

This bonding arrangement, strengthened by the sharing of electrons, is called
_______.

Answer 12

covalent bonding

Question 13

The term _______indicates that the potential (ionization potential) required to
remove any one of these electrons from the atomic structure is significantly lower
than that required for any other electron in the structure

Answer 13

valence

Question 14

Although the covalent bond will result in a stronger bond between the valence electrons
and their parent atom, it is still possible for the valence electrons to absorb sufficient
________________________________________________.

Answer 14

kinetic energy from external natural causes break the covalent bond and assume the
“free” state.

Question 15

The free electrons in a material due only to external causes are referred to as
____________.

Answer 15

intrinsic carriers.

Question 16

The term _____is applied to any semiconductor material that has been
carefully refined to reduce the number of impurities to a very low level –
essentially as pure as can be made available through modern technology.

Answer 16

intrinsic

Question 17

An _______in the valence band of silicon must absorb more energy than one in the
valence band of germanium to become a free carrier. Similarly, an electron in the
valence band of gallium arsenide must gain more energy than one in silicon or
germanium to enter the conduction band.

Answer 17

electron

Question 18

The unit used for energy of electron is ____________. This is derived from the
defining equation for voltage: V=W/Q

Answer 18

electron volts (eV)

Question 19

Electrical characteristics of silicon and germanium are improved by adding
materials in a process called ______.

Answer 19

doping

Question 20

A semiconductor material that has been subjected to the doping process is called
an_______.

Answer 20

extrinsic material

Question 21

What are two types of doped semiconductor materials:

Answer 21

i. n-type material
ii. p-type material

Question 22

What materials contain an excess of conduction band electrons

Answer 22

n-type

Question 23

What materials contain an excess of valence band holes.

Answer 23

p-type

Question 24

An n-type material is created by introducing impurity elements that have five
valence electrons (______).

Answer 24

pentavalent

Question 25

Diffused impurities with five valence electrons are called __________.

Answer 25

donor atoms

Question 26

An n-type material is formed by doping with impurity atoms having ____________.

Answer 26

three valence electrons

Question 27

The resulting vacancy is called a ___ and is represented by a small circle or a plus sign indicating the absence of a negative charge.

Answer 27

hole

Question 28

Diffused impurities with three valence electrons are called _________.

Answer 28

acceptor atoms

Question 29

In an n-type material, the _____________________________________ and the hole the minority carrier.

Answer 29

electron is called the majority carrier

Question 30

In a p-type material, the _____________________ and the electron is the minority carrier.

Answer 30

hole is the majority carrier

Question 31

The n- and p-type materials represent the ___________________________________ of semiconductor devices

Answer 31

basic building blocks

Question 32

p region is called the ____ and is connected to a conductive terminal.

Answer 32

Anode

Question 33

n region is called the ______ and is connected to a second conductive terminal

Answer 33

Cathode

Question 34

The diode is a ________ device.

Answer 34

two-terminal

Question 35

A diode ideally conducts in only ________.

Answer 35

one direction

Question 36

The electron migration results in a ___________ on the p-type side of the junction and a ___________ on the n-type side of the junction.

Answer 36

Negative Charge, Positive Charge

Question 37

The electron migration results in a negative charge on the p-type side of the junction and a positive charge on the n-type side of the junction. The result is the formation of a ________region around the junction.

Answer 37

depletion

Question 38

What are the diode's three operating conditions:

Answer 38

1. No Bias 2. Forward Bias 3. Reverse Bias