Electrotherapy 3

Question 1

Iontophoresis is what

Answer 1

Ions into the body with the assist of a direct current

Question 2

Phonophoresis is what

Answer 2

use of sound waves to drive whole molecules through the skin

Question 3

Iontophoresis uses ___ to ____

Answer 3

direct current to drive ions to tissues

Question 4

Ions

Answer 4

positively or negatively charged particles

Question 5

Like charges

Answer 5

repel

opposites attract

Question 6

iontophoresis - Negative ions move away from ___ and toward ___

Answer 6

Away from the negative electrode (cathode) and toward the positive electrode (anode)

Question 7

iontophoresis - Negative ion set up - leads to

Answer 7

an acidic reaction of pH in tissue

Question 8

iontophoresis - Positive ions move away from ___ and toward ___

Answer 8

Away from the positive electrode and toward the negative electrode

Question 9

iontophoresis - Positive ion set up leads to

Answer 9

alkaline reaction of pH in the tissue

Question 10

iontophoresis - Active electrode

Answer 10

electrode used to deliver the ion

Has the medication on it

Question 11

iontophoresis - Current density - recommended that

Answer 11

recommended that the negative electrode be larger

Question 12

iontophoresis - Impedance - skin and fat

Answer 12

Skin and fat have high impedance

Question 13

iontophoresis - Conductance - blood flow and sweat glands

Answer 13

sweat glands and blood flow to the area –>

this will inc conductance and dec impedance

Question 14

As treatment progresses, what happens to impedance - iontophoresis

Answer 14

decreases as treatment progresses

Question 15

Dosage (Iontophoresis) - expressed in

Answer 15

expressed in mA*min

Question 16

Dosage ranges for iontophoresis

Answer 16

ranges from 0-80 with typical doses being 40 or 80 mA * min

Question 17

iontophoresis - usually amplitude from 0-4 mA - so if overall goal for dosage is 40mA * min and get to 2 mA and patient says no more - how long will it take for patient to get their dose

Answer 17

20 minutes

Question 18

iontophoresis - usually amplitude from 0-4 mA - so if overall goal for dosage is 80mA * min and get to 4 mA and patient says no more - how long will it take for patient to get their dose

Answer 18

20 minutes

Question 19

Ion quantity - dosage - iontophoresis - what would get you an increased ion transfer

Answer 19

Higher intensity, longer duration = increased ion transfer

Question 20

Ion quantity - dosage - iontophoresis - electrolyte concentrations up to

Answer 20

1-2%

Question 21

Current intensity - iontophoresis

Answer 21

between 3-5 mA

Usually 0-4 is what machines allow

Question 22

Current intensity - iontophoresis - what do you usually need to get channels open

Answer 22

3mA

Question 23

What do you need to do iontophoresis

Answer 23

In iowa, need physician prescription or referral

Question 24

Current intensity - iontophoresis - size of electrode determines

Answer 24

max intensity tolerated

Question 25

Treatment duration - iontophoresis

Answer 25

depends on desired dosage and intensity | 10-20 minutes

Question 26

Treatment duration - iontophoresis - can leave the medicated electrode in place for how long

Answer 26

12-24 hours some reason to do and some reason not to do this some say get remaining ions will get out

Question 27

Iontophoresis - electrodes and electrode placement - buffered

Answer 27

to protect against the acidic and alkaline reactions

Question 28

Iontophoresis - electrodes and electrode placement - skin prep

Answer 28

use alcohol and light water to decrease impedence

Question 29

Iontophoresis - electrode and electrode placement - active electrode where

Answer 29

over the are to be treated

Question 30

Iontophoresis - electrode and electrode placement - dispersive electrode where

Answer 30

separated by at least diameter of the active electrode | typically on a meaty/fleshy area (just to be more comfortable)

Question 31

Iontophoresis only works with drugs/substances that

Answer 31

can dissolve into ions have relatively small ions are in solution are effective on a small treatment area

Question 32

Iontophoresis - need to identify the drugs what

Answer 32

polarity and indication

Question 33

Most common medications in clinical practice for iontophoresis

Answer 33

``` dexamethasone (steroid/antiinflammatory) phosphate lidocaine acetic acid salicylate ```

Question 34

Acetate from acetic acid (vinegar) is what type and is used for what

Answer 34

negative solution | dissolves calcium deposits (used for bone spurs)

Question 35

Dexamethazone is what type of solution and what can it be used for

Answer 35

negative | anti-inflammatory by reducing synthesis of prostaglandins

Question 36

Anderson study - dexamethasone shows to have...

Answer 36

passive diffusion 10 min = 2mm into skin 6.5 hrs later = 12 mm into skin Target tissue has to be pretty superficial

Question 37

Hybresis by Empi - is what

Answer 37

patch applied with medication as in traditional iontophoresis

Question 38

Hybresis - dose controller

Answer 38

Attached to patch for 3mA for 3 min to reduce impedance of skin and opens the channels for medication to pass through

Question 39

If hybresis patch has 3 volt batteries that deliver 80 mA min for 2 hrs, what is the intensity

Answer 39

80mA min = ___ * 120 min | mA would be 0.66

Question 40

Indications for iontophoresis

Answer 40

``` Inflammatory musculoskeletal conditions Pain Scar tissue modification Wound healing Edema Calcific deposits Hyperhidrosis ```

Question 41

Contraindications/precautions for iontophoresis

Answer 41

Skin sensitivity Allergy or sensitivity to the ion or electrolyte solution (this is key) Pacemaker Impaired cognition/sensation

Question 42

Safety - iontophoresis

Answer 42

burns more likely from DC | More likely to burn under cathode

Question 43

Normal skin after

Answer 43

Pink skin coloration

Question 44

Biofeedback is what

Answer 44

Feedback provided by a device measuring real time biological data

Question 45

EMG biofeedback

Answer 45

Uses electronic or electromechanical instruments to accurately measure, process, and feedback reinforcing information via auditory and visual signals

Question 46

Amplitude of EMG biofeedback is effected by

Answer 46

``` Size of motor units under electrodes Number of motor units under electrodes Distance of muscle fibers from electrodes Size of recording area Interelectrode distance ```

Question 47

Indication for use of EMG biofeedback

Answer 47

``` mm re-education Regaining neuromuscular control Inc isometric and isotonic strength Relaxation of mm spasm or tightness Psychological relaxation ```