Elements, Mixtures, Compounds Flashcards
(31 cards)
Types of mixtures
Homogenous and heterogenous
Difference between homogenous and heterogenous mixtures
Homogenous - indistinguishable, same sized particles, soluble
Heterogenous - distinguishable, different sized particles, insoluble
Types of heterogenous mixtures
Colloid and suspension
Characteristics of solution
- Product of solute and solvent
- always clear (light passes through)
Characteristics of colloid
- tiny insoluble particles
- evenly spread throughout liquid
- cloudy (light scatters)
Characteristics of suspension
- insoluble solids spread throughout liquid and quickly settles at the bottom
- light doesn’t pass through
Name three examples of solution
- water and ribena (L+L)
- soda water (L+g)
- salt and water (L+S)
- alloy (S+S)
- air (g+g)
Name three examples of colloid
- emulsion
- aerosoal
- gel
- blood
- foam
Name three examples of suspension
- oil and water
- muddy water
- flour and water
- sand and water
- paint
- orange juice with pulp
Name the 11 separating techniques
- Filtration
- Sieving
- Decanting
- Centrifugation
- Sublimation
- Magnetism
- Simple distillation
- Fractional distillation
- Evaporation and crystallisation
- Separating funnel
- Chromatography
Which separating techniques are separating solids from solids?
Sieving, sublimation, magnetism
Which separating techniques are separating solids from liquids?
Filtration, decanting, evaporation and crystallisation
Which separating techniques are separating liquids from liquids?
Centrifugation, simple distillation, fractional distillation, chromatography, separating funnel
What pure substances can magnetism be used on?
Nickel, iron, cobalt
Difference between simple and fractional distillation
Simple distillation - separate pure solvent from solute
Fractional distillation - separate based on BP
How does crystallisation work?
When solution is heated, some solvent evaporates, leaving a saturated solution. The solution is left to cool and crystallise.
Why must graphite be used to draw the baseline for chromatography?
Pen ink will dissolve in solvent
Why does baseline need to be above the solvent?
Samples will dissolve too early and contaminate the solvent
How to calculate retardation (Rf) value?
Distance travelled by substance over distance travelled by solvent
Difference between mixture and compound
Mixture - physically mixed, easily separated, no fixed ratio/amount, properties dont change
What is an atom?
Smallest particle that takes part in chemical reactions
Difference between element, molecule and compound
Element - 1 type of atom
Molecule - 2 or more atoms chemically combined
Compound - 2 or more different atoms chemically combined
Types of molecules
diatomic molecule, (2 atom), triatomic molecule (3 atom)
Types of ions
Cation (positive charged ion), anion (negative charged ion)
