States Of Matter

Question 1

Definition of states of matter

Answer 1

Substance that has MASS and occupies SPACE

Question 2

Name the three states of matter

Answer 2

Solid, Liquid, Gas

Question 3

Arrangement of each state of matter

Answer 3

Solid - tightly packed, lattice
Liquid - loosely packed, randomly arranged, touching
Gas - far away from each other, not touching

Question 4

Movement of each state of matter

Answer 4

Solid - vibrate on the spot
Liquid - slide and glide
Gas - moves randomly, rapidly, at random directions

Question 5

Forces of attraction for each state of matter

Answer 5

Solid - strong/high
Liquid - medium/moderate
Gas - low/weak

Question 6

Density of each state of matter

Answer 6

Solid - high
Liquid - moderate
Gas - low

Question 7

Kinetic energy of each state of matter

Answer 7

Solid - low
Liquid - moderate
Gas - high

Question 8

Which states of matter have fixed volume?

Answer 8

Solid and liquid

Question 9

Which states of matter don’t have fixed shapes?

Answer 9

Liquid and gas

Question 10

What is endothermic?

Answer 10

Energy is absorbed, bonds are broken

Question 11

What is exothermic?

Answer 11

Energy is released, bonds are made

Question 12

Name all endothermic changes in state of matter

Answer 12

Melting, boiling/evaporation, sublimation

Question 13

Name all exothermic changes in state of matter

Answer 13

Freezing, condensation, reverse sublimation/deposition

Question 14

Name three differences between boiling and evaporation

Answer 14

Evaporation - slow, over range of temperature, happens only on surface of liquid
Boiling - fast, at BP, happens all throughout liquid

Question 15

What affects the rate of evaporation?

Answer 15

Surface area, temperature, wind speed, humidity

Question 16

What affects boiling and melting point?

Answer 16

Atmospheric pressure, impurities

Question 17

Differences between melting and freezing

Answer 17

Melting - increase KE, fast particles, weak force of attraction, particles move apart
Freezing - decrease KE, slow particles, strong force of attraction, particles move closer

Question 18

Difference in melting and boiling point between pure substance and mixture

Answer 18

Pure substance - fixed MP and BP
Mixture - not fixed MP and BP

Question 19

Why doesn’t temperature increase as the substance’s state of matter is changing?

Answer 19

Energy is needed to weaken forces of attraction instead of increasing temperature

Question 20

Why doesn’t temperature decrease as the substance’s state of matter is changing?

Answer 20

Energy is used to strengthen forces of attraction. Bonds are formed which releases heat.

Question 21

How does impurities affect boiling and melting point?

Answer 21

BP = increase
MP = decrease

Question 22

What is diffusion?

Answer 22

Random movement of particles from a region of high concentration to low concentration until equilibrium is reached

Question 23

How does temperature affect rate of diffusion?

Answer 23

Kinetic energy increases, which increases the speed of particles movement

Question 24

How does state of matter affect rate of diffusion?

Answer 24

Gas has the fastest rate of diffusion because it has more space between particles

Question 25

How does molecular mass affect rate of diffusion?

Answer 25

The lighter the molecular mass of an atom, the faster it moves

Question 26

How does temperature affect volume of gas

Answer 26

When temperature increases, particles move faster, volume of gas increases and the forces of attraction become weaker

Question 27

How does pressure affect volume of gas?

Answer 27

The more pressure exerted, volume decreases and forces of attraction increases because it has lesser space

Question 28

How does temperature affect pressure?

Answer 28

The higher the temperature, the more the pressure