ELIZABETHAN ENGLAND Flashcards
(37 cards)
What were courtiers in relation to the monarch?
Closest advisors who demonstrated wealth and authority, having influence rather than actual power.
What was the role of the Privy Councils?
Debated current issues and advised JPs and parliament, overseeing laws and monarch’s decisions.
What were the main functions of Parliament?
Raised taxes, passed laws, and provided advice to the monarch.
What was the responsibility of Lord Lieutenants?
Ensured law and order was maintained and oversaw the militia for the country’s defense.
What did Justices of the Peace do?
Ensured policies were carried out, enforced law, and heard court cases every three months.
How did Elizabeth I manage to pay off her £300,000 debt?
By selling crown lands, cutting government spending, and monitoring costs of her household.
Why did Elizabeth I have only 20 councillors instead of the usual 50?
She had to be cautious in her choices.
Who was Robert Dudley and why was he appointed?
Close friend of Elizabeth I, which sparked jealousy among others.
Why was William Cecil trusted by Elizabeth I?
He was Protestant and served as MP under Elizabeth and Henry’s reign.
What were the elements of the Religious Settlement?
- Each had a copy of the Bible
- Images allowed in churches
- Priests wore special vestments
- Book of Common Prayers in all churches
- Everyone to attend church on Sundays or face fines.
What was the Counter-Reformation?
Catholic Church’s attempt to stop the spread of Protestantism, encouraging war and persecuting heretics.
What action did the Pope take against Elizabeth I?
Issued excommunication.
Which countries were considered threats from abroad?
- Spain
- France
- Scotland
- Holy Roman Empire.
What was the Auld Alliance?
An alliance between France and Scotland that made England vulnerable.
Who was Mary Queen of Scots?
Cousin to Elizabeth I, linked to France through her marriage to Francis II, accused of killing her husband in 1567.
What was the Revolt of Northern Earls (1569)?
Two earls raised an army, stormed Durham Cathedral, destroyed the English Bible, and held Catholic Mass.
What happened to the leaders of the Revolt of Northern Earls?
Earl of Sussex marched west, 500 rebels executed, Earl of Westmoreland escaped to France, Duke of Northumberland captured and executed.
What was the Babington Plot (1586)?
Involved MQoS and Anthony Babington wanting to murder Elizabeth and replace her with MQoS.
What was the Throckmorton Plot (1583)?
Involved MQoS and Francis Throckmorton, aimed to break MQoS out of prison and kill Elizabeth.
What was the Ridolfi Plot (1571)?
Involved Roberto Ridolfi, MQoS, and Phillip II of Spain, aimed to execute Duke of Alva and overthrow Elizabeth.
What were the reasons for the Spanish Armada?
Trade, religious, and political rivalry, including England’s involvement in the Netherlands.
What events occurred during the Spanish Armada?
- England spotted Spanish ships
- Fired cannons at Spain
- Wind drove Spanish ships north
- Storm destroyed Spanish ships.
What were the reasons for poverty during Elizabeth’s reign?
- Bad harvest
- Inflation
- Increased population
- Farming changes
- Closure of monasteries.
Why was Elizabeth worried about poverty?
- Crime and laziness
- Danger of rebellions
- Danger of illness spreading.
