Embedded Systems Flashcards
(41 cards)
“An embedded system is a system that has embedded software and computer hardware, which makes it a system dedicated for an applications or specific part of an applications or product or a part of a larger system.”
Raj Kamal
“An embedded system is any device that includes a programmable computer but not itself intended to be a general purpose computer”.
Wayne Wolf
“An embedded system is a microprocessor-based system that is built to control a function or range of functions and is not designed to be programmed by the end user in the same way that a PC is”.
Steve Heath
An ____ is composed of software and hardware that designed to perform a specific task.
Embedded system
It includes a fetch unit for fetching
instruction from the memory
Control Unit (CU)
It performs the arithmetic and logic operations and it represents the fundamental building blocks of the processor.
ALU
An ____ performs an operation in bytes or words. It maybe capable of processing 8,16,32,and 64 bit words
ALU
Types of Processors
- General Purpose Processor (GPP)
> Microprocessor
> Microcontroller
> Embedded Processor
> Digital Signal Processor
> Media Processor - Application Specific System Processor (ASSP)
- Application Specific Instruction Processors (ASIPs)
- GPP core(s) or ASIP core(s) on either an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) or a Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) circuit.
A _____ is a single VLSI chip having a CPU. In addition, it may also have other units such as coaches, floating point processing arithmetic unit, and pipelining
units that help in faster processing of instructions.
microprocessor
A ____ is a single-chip VLSI unit (also called microcomputer) which, although having limited computational capabilities, possesses enhanced input/output
capability and a number of on-chip functional units. It is used in embedded systems for real-time control applications with on-chip program memory and devices.
microcontroller
A is a self contained fully functional computer with built in peripherals
microcontroller
Advantages of using Microcontrollers
-Microcontrollers are cheap and very small in size, therefore they can be embedded on any device.
-Programming of Microcontrollers is simple to learn. Its not much complicated.
-We can use simulators on Computers to see the practical results of our program. Thus we can virtually see the output of our project or program.
Components of Embedded Systems
-Hardware
-Application Software
-Real Time Operating System (RTOS)
Types of Embedded Systems
- Small scale Embedded Systems
- Medium scale Embedded Systems
- Sophisticated Embedded Systems
Examples of Small scale Embedded Systems
- Washing Machine
- Digital Camera
- Home Security System
- 16 or 32-bit microcontrollers
- offer both hardware and software complexities.
- C, C++, Java, and source code engineering tool, etc. are used to develop this kind of embedded system.
Medium scale Embedded Systems
Type of Embedded System:
* lots of hardware and software complexities
* Used for cutting –edge applications that need hardware and softwre co-design and componnetns that have to
assemble in the final system
Sophisticated Embedded Systems
Applications of Embedded System
- automobiles,
- Telecommunications
- smart cards
- Missiles
- Satellites
- computer networking
- digital consumer electronics.
Advantages of Embedded Systems
- Covers a wide variety of environments
- Less likely to encore errors
- Useful for mass production
- Highly reliable
- Reduced cost
- Small in size
- Offers an enhanced performance
- Low power operation
Relevant Tools
-Embedded language: C, C++,Assembly
-Microcontroller: ATMega328P, ATTiny84
-In-circuit Programmer: Arduino
Standards and Engineering Constraints
- Performance
- Safety
- Efficiency
- Security
- Reliability
- Usability
- Robustness
Type of Archictecture:
-Single memory to be shared by both code and data
-Processor needs to fetch code in a separate clock cycle and data in another clock cycle. So it requires two clock cycles.
-Higher speed, thus less time consuming.
-Simple in design.
Von-Neumann Architecture
Type of Architecture
* Separate memories for code data
* Single clock cycle is sufficient, as separate buses are used to access code and data.
* Slower in speed, thus more time-consuming.
* Complex in design.
Harvard Architecture
It is a computer that can address a large number of instructions.
Complex Instruction Set Computer (CISC)
