Embryology Flashcards Preview

JL Cardiovascular > Embryology > Flashcards

Flashcards in Embryology Deck (31)
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1
Q

What are the two steps in the heart reaching its final position?

A
  1. Lateral folding

2. Cranio-caudal folding

2
Q

How many dilatations does the heart tube develop, and what do these structures turn into?

A

5 dilatations

Develop into the adult heart structures

3
Q

What two adult derivatives does the truncus arteriosus form?

A

Aorta and pulmonary trunk

4
Q

What two adult derivates does the bulbus cordis form?

A
  1. Trabeculated part of right ventricle

2. Outflow part of both ventricles

5
Q

What adult derivative does the ventricle of the heart tube form?

A

Trabeculated part of left ventricle

6
Q

What adult derivative of the atrium of the heart tube is formed?

A

Trabeculated part of both atria

7
Q

What two adult derivatives of the sinus venosus of heart tube are formed?

A
  1. Smooth part of right atrium

2. Coronary sinus

8
Q

What occurs on day 23?

A

The heart begins to loop and fold

9
Q

On day 23, when looping and folding - what happens to the atrium?

A

Dorsal and cranial

10
Q

On day 23, when looping and folding, what happens to the ventricle?

A

Displaced left

11
Q

On day 23 - when looping and folding, what happens to the bulbus cordis?

A

Inferiorly, ventrally to the right

12
Q

What are the 4 steps in atrial septation?

A
  1. Septum primum
  2. Ostium secundum
  3. Septum secundum
  4. Foramen Ovale
13
Q

Give the two steps in ventricular septation?

A
  1. Muscular septum

2. Membranius septum

14
Q

Give two features of outflow tract septation

A
  1. Spiral septum from the conotruncal ridges

2. Closely linked to formation of membranous part of ventricular septum

15
Q

What week does remodelling of atria occur?

A

Week 5

16
Q

What development involves 6 pairs, associated with the pharyngeal arches?

A

Development of the aortic arches

17
Q

What happens to pairs 1 & 2 in development of the aortic arches?

A

Mostly obliterated

18
Q

What happens to the 5th pair during development of the aortic arches?

A

Rudimentary or absent

19
Q

What two things does the 3rd pair become during development of the aortic arches?

A
  1. Common carotid

2. First part of ICE

20
Q

What two things does the 4th pair become during development of the aortic arches?

A
  1. Right subclavian

2. Part of aortic arch

21
Q

What two things does the 6th pair become, during the development of the aortic arches?

A
  1. Sprout branches that form pulmonary aa

2. Ductus arteriosus on left

22
Q

What role do the vitelline veins have?

A

Drain yolk sac

23
Q

What role do the umbilical veins have?

A

Oxygenated blood from placenta

24
Q

What role do the cardinal veins have?

A

Gives systemic venous system

25
Q

What are 3 features of vitelline veins?

A
  1. Portal venous system draining gut
  2. Hepatic sinusoids and veins
  3. Hepatic portion of IVC
26
Q

Give two features of umbilical veins?

A
  1. Right degenerates

2. Left remains as definitive umbilical vein

27
Q

What do the systemic veins - anterior cardinal veins do?

A

Drain head and neck

28
Q

Name the two anterior cardinal veins?

A
  1. Jugular system and left brachiocephalic vein

2. SVC

29
Q

Name the 4 posterior cardinal veins?

A
  1. Azygos and hemiazygos systems (body wall)
  2. Gonadal and renal veins
  3. Iliac veins
  4. IVC
30
Q

What do the posterior cardinal veins do?

A

Drain trunk

31
Q

Give two features of the primary heart field?

A
  1. Visceral mesoderm

2. Cranial to the developing neural tube