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Buzzwords Step 1 > Embryology > Flashcards

Embryology Flashcards

1
Q

What structure is derived from the prochordal plate?

A

Mouth

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2
Q

What is the only ORGAN supplied by the FOREGUT artery that is of MESODERMAL origin?

A

Spleen

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3
Q

In which direction and how far does the gut rotate?

A

counterclockwise 270 degrees

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4
Q

What structure connects the primitive gut to the yolk sac?

A

The yolk stalk (vitelline duct)

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5
Q

What is the artery of the embryonic foregut?

A

Celiac artery

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6
Q

When does the primitive gut herniate out of the embryo?

When does it return back in to the embryo?

A

6 weeks

10 weeks

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7
Q

What 2 pathologic conditions occur when the gut does not return to the embryo?

A

Omphalocele and gastroschisis

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8
Q

around what structure does the midgut rotate?

A

Superior mesenteric artery

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9
Q

What 3 things cause the indifferent gonad to become a testis and where do they come from?

A
  1. Testis-determining factor (TDF) from the short arm of the Y chromosome
  2. Mullerian inhibiting factor (MIF) from sertoli cells
  3. Testosterone from leydig cells
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10
Q

Where does the embryologic foregut end?

A

At the first part of the duodenum

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11
Q

What is the artery of the embryonic hindgut?

A

inferior mesenteric artery

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12
Q

what 3 embryonic cell layers form the chorion

A
  1. cytotrophoblast
  2. Syncytiotrophoblast
  3. Extraembryonic mesoderm
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13
Q

Which neuropore closes last?

A

Caudal - and it is the first to open too

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14
Q

What is the artery of the embryonic midgut

A

Superior mesenteric artery

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15
Q

From where are nephrons derived embryonically

A

metanephros

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16
Q

What are the 5 derivatives of the ventral mesentery?

A

1 falciform ligament
2. hepatoduodenal ligament
3. hepatogastric ligament
4 and 5. Coronary and triangular ligaments of the liver
All else is dervied from the dorsal mesentery

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17
Q

When do the septum primum and the septum secundum of the heart fuse?

A

After birth

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18
Q

The cerebral cortex is a derivative of what?

A

The telencephalon

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19
Q

The umbilical vein of the embryo becomes ___ adult structure

A

Ligamentum teres

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20
Q

The ductus venosus of the embryo becomes ___ adult structure

A

Ligamentum venosum

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21
Q

The foramen ovale of the embryo becomes ___ adult structure

A

Fossa ovale

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22
Q

The ductus arteriosus of the embryo becomes ___ adult structure

A

Ligamentum arteriosum

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23
Q

The umbilical artery of the embryo becomes ___ adult structure

A

Medial umbilical ligament

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24
Q

Where does the hindgut end?

A

Superior portion of the anal canal

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25
Q

Where does the midgut end?

A

at the right 2/3 of the transverse colon

26
Q

from where is the tongue musculature derived?

A

occipital somaties

27
Q

What 2 brachial arches contribute to the formation of the ANTERIOR 2/3 of the tongue?

A

first and some of the second

28
Q

what are the 2 fourth pharyngeal pouch derivatives

A

Superior parathyroid glands and the ultimobranchial body

29
Q

what 2 structures are derived from the fourth aortic arch?

A

arch of the aorta and the R subclavian artery

30
Q

What adult structures are derived from preotic somites?

A

muscles of the internal eye

31
Q

What structure is derived from the first pharyngeal pouch?

A

The middle ear

32
Q

What 2 branchial arches contribute to the POSTERIOR 2/3 of the tongue?

A

third and part of fourth

33
Q

What are the 2 third pharyngeal pouch derivatives?

A

inferior parathyroid glands and the thymus

34
Q

What structure is derived from the first aortic arch?

A

Maxillary artery

35
Q

from what are the urinary bladder and the urethra derived?

A

urogenital sinus

36
Q

from what are the pumonary trunk and the ascending aorta derived?

A

Truncus arteriosum

37
Q

What disorder will result when there is failure of the urachus to close, causing a leakage of urine out of the umbilicus?

A

Urachal fistula

38
Q

The common carotid and internal carotid arteries are derivatives of what embryonic structure?

A

Third aortic arch

39
Q

The palatine tonsils are derived from what embryonic structure?

A

second pharyngeal pouch

40
Q

What are the sixth aortic arch derivatives?

A

R and L pulmonary arteries and the ductus arteriosus

41
Q

The stapedial artery is derived from what?

A

Second aortic arch

42
Q

The mesonephric ducts contribute to what renal structures?

A

Collecting ducts, calyx, renal pelvis, and ureters

43
Q

Of what embryonic structure is the coronary sinus a derivative?

A

The L horn of the sinus venosus

44
Q

What CN is assoc with the FIRST pharyngeal arch?

A

CN V

45
Q

What CN is assoc with the SECOND pharyngeal arch?

A

CN VII

46
Q

What CN is assoc with the THIRD pharyngeal arch?

A

CN IX

47
Q

What CN is assoc with the FOURTH pharyngeal arch?

A

CN X

48
Q

What CN is assoc with the FIFTH pharyngeal arch?

A

None, it degenerates

49
Q

What CN is assoc with the SIXTH pharyngeal arch?

A

CN X

50
Q

From where is the external auditory meatus derived?

A

First pharyngeal groove

51
Q

From where is the smooth portion of the R atrium derived?

A

R horn of the sinus venosus

52
Q

Meckel’s diverticulum is a remnant of what embryonic structure?

A

Vitelline duct (yolk sac)

53
Q

Pons and cerebelum are derived from what portion of the embryonic neural tissue?

A

Metencephalon

54
Q

The medulla is a derivative of what portion of the embryonic neural tissue?

A

Myelencephalon

55
Q

What structure “tells” the overlying cells to begin neurulation?

A

Notochord

56
Q

What structure splits the cloacal membrane, resulting in the formation of the perineum

A

Urorectal septum

57
Q

In the adult, the thoracic veins are derived from what structure?

A

The cardinal veins

58
Q

The GI tract and abdominal veins are derived from what structure?

A

VItelline veins

59
Q

From what is the thyroid gland derived?

A

Floor of the endoderm (the posterior aspect of the tongue)

60
Q

The thalamus and its related structures are derivatives of what?

A

The diencephalon

Buzzwords Step 1 (19 decks)

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