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MRCOG part 1 > Embryology > Flashcards

Embryology Flashcards

1
Q

Zygote

A

Fertilised ovum

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2
Q

Embryo

A

2-8 weeks

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3
Q

Fetus

A

9 weeks - term

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4
Q

Day 2

A

Zygote (2 cell)

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5
Q

Day 3

A

Morula (16 cell) - reaches uterine cornu

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6
Q

Day 4

A

Blastocyst - enters uterine cavity

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7
Q

Day 6

A

Implantation

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8
Q

Blastocyst

A

inner cell mass (embryoblast) - forms embryonic tissues

outer cell mass (trophoblast) - forms extra-embryonic tissues

70-100 cells

Fluid-filled cavity called blastocoele

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9
Q

Gastrulation

A

Gastrulation is a phase early in the embryonic development of most animals, during which the single-layered blastula is reorganized into a trilaminar (“three-layered”) structure known as the gastrula

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10
Q

Prior to gastrulation, the trophoblast differentiates in to

A
  1. Syncitiotrophoblast - outer

2. Cytotrophoblast - inner

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11
Q

Week 2: Day 8

A

Decidual reaction
Bilaminar disc - epiblast and hypoblast
Amniotic cavity forms

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12
Q

Week 2: Day 9

A

Lacunar stage

Hypoblast forms Exocoelomic membrane

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13
Q

Week 2: Day 12

A

Lacunae formation - communicate with endometrial sinusoids
Extra-embryonic mesoderm appears from yolk sac
Extra-embryonic coelum forms - chorionic cavity

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14
Q

Week 2: Day 13

A 
Implantation is complete
Cytotrophoblast forms primary chorionic villi
Yolk sac to secondary yolk sac
Syncitiotrophoblast excretes hCG
Uteroplacental circulation begins
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15
Q

Week 3: Day 15

A

Primitive streak appears caudal end
Primitive node appears at cephalic end
Ectodermal cells migrate towards the streak and detach from it - intra-embryonic mesoderm
Mesoderm is between endoderm and ectoderm except at prochordal plate and cloacal plate

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16
Q

Week 3: Day 16

A

Allantois appears - diverticular that forms from the posterior wall of the yolk sac and extends in to the connecting stalk

17
Q

Week 3: Day 18

A

Neurulation - neural plate formed at day 18

18
Q

Week 3: Day 20

A

Primitive heart tube

19
Q

Week 3: Day 21

A

First heart beat

20
Q

Gastrulation

A

formation of three germ layers
3rd week
ectoderm to intra-embryonic mesoderm

21
Q

Embryo folding

A

Occur in two planes
- longitudinal (enlarged cranial end)
- transverse (enlarged somites)
day 21-24

22
Q

Components of ectoderm

A

Epidermis

Nervous system

23
Q

Components of mesoderm

A

Muscles
Skeletal system
Connective tissues

24
Q

Components of endoderm

A 
GIT
Resp
Endocrine
Auditory
Urinary
25
Q

Week 4

A 
Septum premium appears
Branchial arches
Neural tube closes
Optic pits appear
Pulmonary primordium appear
Hepatic plate appears
Cystic diverticulum appear
Dorsal pancreatic bud forms
Spleen forms
Urorectal septum appears
Ureteric buds form
26
Q

Week 5

A

Lens pit and optic cups
Nasal pits
Leg buds
Rudimentary blood starts moving

27
Q

Week 6

A

Lungs start to form
Lymphatic system begins to form
Gonadal ridges begin to be perceptible

28
Q

Week 7

A

Fetal heart tone audible
Nipples form
Hair follicles
Spontaneous limb movements

29
Q

Week 8-10

A

eyelids close
Tooth buds
RBCs produced in liver

30
Q

Week 11-14

A

Lanugo hair
Fetal skin transparent
Men forms in GIT

31
Q

Week 17

A

Eyebrow and eyelashes

Nails

32
Q

Week 21

A

Alveoli

33
Q

Mesoderm - 3 parts

A

Paraxial mesoderm - segmental, forms somites
Intermediate - forms urogenital system
Lateral plate - forms the somatic and splanchnic mesoderm

34
Q

Somites

A 
Either side of neural tube
First pair at D20
Max 42-44 pairs
1. Dermomyotomes - form connective tissue and muscles
2. Sclerotomes - form bones
35
Q

Lateral plate mesoderm

A
  • continuous with extra-embryonic mesoderm
  • somatic mesoderm (lines the amnion)
  • Splanchnic mesoderm (lines the yolk sac)
36
Q

Intra-embryonic coelom

A

D19
merging of the clefts within the lateral plate
forerunner of serous cavities

MRCOG part 1 (12 decks)

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