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MRCOG part 1 > Endocrinology > Flashcards

Endocrinology Flashcards

1
Q

HCG and thyroid

A

HCG simulates TSH so can lead to a rise in T3/T4 and reduced TSH.

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2
Q

Where is parathyroid hormone made?

A

Chief cells in parathyroid

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3
Q

Where are the parathyroids from embryologically?

A

3rd (superior) and 4th (inferior) pharyngeal pouches

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4
Q

Blood supply to parathyroids?

A

thyroid arteries

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5
Q

Where is prolactin produced?

A

anterior pituitary

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6
Q

milk ejection reflex

A

oxytocin

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7
Q

oxytocin produced in

A

posterior pituitary

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8
Q

What controls prolactin release

A

Thyrotropin releasing hormone

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9
Q

Antagonist of prolactin

A

dopamine

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10
Q

prolactin levels in day

A

diurnal variation - higher at night and evening

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11
Q

thyroid gland starts to secrete week

A

11

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12
Q

thyroid developed at

A

5-6 week and descends in to the neck via thyroglossal duct

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13
Q

immune mediator in Grave’s disease

A

IgG autoantibody

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14
Q

Graves may affect fetus

A

Goitre and thyrotoxicosis

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15
Q

Cortisol produced by

A

zona fasciculata in cortex of adrenal gland.

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16
Q

cortisol bound to … in the blood

A

cortisol binding globulin

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17
Q

RAAS activated by

A

reduced BP detected by baroreceptors

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18
Q

Renin activated when

A

macula densa (part of the juxtaglomerular apparatus) stimulated by decreased filtered sodium concentration to release renin

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19
Q

renin acts on

A

angiotensinogen - cleaves an inactive peptide to create angiotensin 1

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20
Q

ACE - where? does what?

A

lungs

converts Ang 1 to Ang 2.

21
Q

Ang 2 actions

A

potent vasoconstrictor of arterioles and causes release of aldosterone.

22
Q

Electrolytes in Addisons

A

Hypo Na, Hyper K

23
Q

Waterhouse - Friderichsen syndrome

A

haemorrhage in to adrenal cortex as a result of meningococcal septicaemia.

24
Q

MEN 1

A

Pituitary, parathyroid, pancreas

25
Q

MEN 2

A

Parathyroid, thyroid, pheo

26
Q

progesterone is produced by

A

theca and granulosa cells

27
Q

testosterone produced by

A

theca cells only

28
Q

oestradiol produced by

A

granulosa only

29
Q

theca cells have receptors for

A

LH

30
Q

granulosa cells have receptors for

A

FSH mainly, then LH later on.

31
Q

which oestrogen in menopause

A

oestrone

32
Q

main oestrogen between menarche and menopause

A

oestradiol

33
Q

aromatase

A

converts testosterone to oestradiol

34
Q

oogonium

A

primordial follicles
stuck in prophase 1.
diploid 46N

35
Q

primary oocytes

A

undergo Meiosis 1 after an LH surge
mature after puberty
have 46 chromosomes

36
Q

secondary oocytes

A

Meiosis 1 complete. polar body degenerates
23 chromosomes
prepare to undergo meiosis 2 after fertilisation

37
Q

What kind of hormone is FSH

A

glycoprotein

38
Q

Where is FSH produced

A

Anterior pituitary

39
Q

What is made in the anterior pituitary

A 
growth hormone (GH)
prolactin (PRL)
follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
luteinizing hormone (LH)
adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH).
40
Q

What is made in the posterior pituitary

A

oxytocin

ADH

41
Q

changes during puberty

A

Thelarche - breast development
Adrenarche - pubic hair
Menarche - periods

42
Q

Puberty staging system

A

Tanner staging

43
Q

Prolactin has similar structure to

A

Growth hormone and Human placental lactogen

44
Q

Human placental lactogen produced by

A

syncitiotrophoblast

45
Q

hCG is what kind of molecule

A

peptide

46
Q

Hypothalamus synthesises

A

oxytocin

thyrotrophin releasing hormone

47
Q

Cortisol and renal hormone levels in pregnancy - up or down?

A

all UP

48
Q

Inhibitor of Growth Hormone

A

Somatostatin

49
Q

What GH promotes

A

anti-insulin, Lipolysis

MRCOG part 1 (12 decks)

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