Embryology/Histology Deck 2

Question 1

Fertilized egg is called.

Answer 1

Zygote

Question 2

Fertilized egg after zygote up to 8 weeks is called.

Answer 2

Embryo

Question 3

After 8 weeks, embryo becomes what?

Answer 3

Fetus

Question 4

Stem cells are ________ cells that can become specialized cells.

Answer 4

Undifferentiated

Question 5

The zygote becomes a ___________, which is a hollow ball of cells.

Answer 5

Blastula

Question 6

The blastula __________ and develops into the Gastrula.

Answer 6

Invaginates

Question 7

The inner cell mass of blastocyst becomes the _______, while the outer trophoblast becomes the __________.

Answer 7

Embryo

Placenta

Question 8

At 2-3 weeks you can see three germ cell layers in the Gastrula, which are?

Answer 8

Endoderm, mesoderm, ectoderm

Question 9

Ectoderm forms?

Answer 9

Outside skin, hair, nails, cornea, neural crest and neural tissues (CNS and PNS)

Question 10

Mesoderm becomes what?

Answer 10

Middle skin: skeletal muscle, cartilage, bone, kidney, gonads, GI tract

Question 11

Endoderm becomes what?

Answer 11

Inside skin: epithelium of GI and Respiratory, thyroid

Question 12

The neural tube forms the hold in the spinal cord and the __________ in the brain.

Answer 12

Ventricles

Question 13

Telencephalon becomes?

Answer 13

Cerebrum and basal ganglia

Question 14

Diencephalon becomes?

Answer 14

Thalamus and hypothalamus

Question 15

Mesencephalon becomes?

Answer 15

Part of brain stem

Question 16

Rhombencephalon becomes?

Answer 16

Pons, cerebellum, medulla

Question 17

Supportive tissue of a structure is called?

Answer 17

Stroma=structure

Question 18

Functional tissue of a structure/organ is called?

Answer 18

Parenchyma

Question 19

Stains the nuclei blue?

Answer 19

Hematoxylin

Question 20

Stains the cytoplasm red

Answer 20

Eosin

Question 21

3 things malignancies usually have in common are ?

Answer 21

Architectural distortion of tissue
A lot of nuclear material (blue)
Range of size and shape of nuclei

Question 22

6 types of epithelial cells are?

Answer 22

Simple squamous (lines blood vessels and air sacs of lungs, permits exchange of nutrients)
Simple cuboidal (lines kidneys, secretes and reabsorbs water and small molecules)
Simple columnar (lines GI tract, absorbs nutrients, produces mucus, has goblet cells)
Stratified squamous (skin, mouth, vagina, protects against abrasion, drying out, infection)
Stratified cuboidal (ducts of sweat glands, secretes water and ions)
Stratified columnar (lines mammary glands, epididymus, larynx, secretes mucus)

Question 23

Simple squamous cells are found where?

Answer 23

Lungs, blood vessels

Question 24

Simple cuboidal are found where?

Answer 24

Kidney tubules

Question 25

Simple columnar are found where?

Answer 25

Trachea (cilia and goblet cells), digestive tract

Question 26

Stratified squamous cells are found where?

Answer 26

Outer layer of skin

Question 27

Well differentiated tumors are usually?

Answer 27

Benign

Question 28

Well differentiated malignant tumors are?

Answer 28

Less aggressive

Question 29

``` Tumor Node Metastasis classification Explain for Tumor: To Tis T1-4 ```

Answer 29

To: no evidence of primary tumor Tis: tumor in situ T1-4 ascending degree of tumor size and involvement

Question 30

``` TNM classification Explain for Nodes No: N1a, N2a N1b-N3b Nx ```

Answer 30

No : no abnormal regional nodes N1a, N2a: regional nodes-no metastasis N1b-N3b: regional lymph nodes-Mets suspected Nx: regional nodes cannot be assessed clinically

Question 31

TNM classification Explain for Metastasis Mo M1-3

Answer 31

Mo: no evidence of distant metastasis | M1-3, ascending degrees of metastatic involvement of host including distant nodes

Question 32

Tumor of glandular origin

Answer 32

Adeno-

Question 33

Benign tumor

Answer 33

-oma

Question 34

Malignant tumor or epithelial origin

Answer 34

Carcinoma

Question 35

Malignancy of mesodermal origin, bone, muscle, fat, cartilage

Answer 35

Sarcoma

Question 36

Benign tumors of epithelial tissue with glandular origin

Answer 36

Adenoma

Question 37

Grade IV astrocytoma is called?

Answer 37

Glioblastoma multiforme

Question 38

``` Connective tissue arises from the A. Endoderm B. Mesoderm C. Ectoderm D. Neuroectoderm ```

Answer 38

B. Mesoderm

Question 39

Collage and polysaccharide strands are examples of?

Answer 39

Fibrous connective tissue

Question 40

Ligaments, tendons, fascia, elastic fibers are examples of what?

Answer 40

Dense connective tissue

Question 41

Dispersed fibrous, elastic, and collagen supportive tissue around eyes, epiglottis are examples of ?

Answer 41

Loose areolar connective tissue

Question 42

Which tissue is prone to marked swelling with edema, such as CHG, epiglottis is, or laryngeal edema secondary to anaphylaxis?

Answer 42

Loose connective/areolar tissue

Question 43

This fibrous connective tissue is the main structural protein in the extracellular matrix of connective tissue.

Answer 43

Collagen

Question 44

This fibrous connective tissue is an elastic protein in the extracellular matrix

Answer 44

Elastin

Question 45

Extracellular matrix is also known as the?

Answer 45

Stroma

Question 46

Scarring, pulmonary fibrosis, and liver cirrhosis are examples of what?

Answer 46

Fibrosis, a formation of excess fibrous connective tissue that can be benign, reactive, or pathological