embryonic development

Question 1

what stage do all animals begin with?

Answer 1

blastula stage

Question 2

whats the name of the development of an embryo?

Answer 2

embryogenesis

Question 3

what are the two things that happen to cells during embryogenesis?

Answer 3

proliferate, increase in number, and differentiate, the cells get a dev. fate or a job in the body

Question 4

whats the name of an egg with an even distrib. of yolk factors and cell division of more or less uniform size? what is an example ?

Answer 4

isoecithal and starfish are an example

Question 5

what is the name of an egg with an uneven distrib. of yolk factors. Most fat is at one end of the egg, giving a two toned appearance? whats an example?

Answer 5

mesolecithal and amphibian eggs is an example

Question 6

whats the name of the non-fatty cells and the fatty cells in the mesolecithal egg?

Answer 6

animal pole (dark color) and the vegetal pole (pale color)

Question 7

what is the name of an egg with a large yolk that’s separated from the embryonic cells? whats an example?

Answer 7

telolecithal and these are typical egg type for reptiles, birds, and fish

Question 8

whats the name of a multicellular individual in the period of early development?

Answer 8

embryo

Question 9

whats a fertilized ovum? two haploid cells fuse to make one diploid cell.

Answer 9

zygote

Question 10

what does embryogenesis begin with?

Answer 10

the mitotic cell division (cleavage) of the zygote

Question 11

what cells are produced by the mitotic division on the zygote?

Answer 11

blastomeres

Question 12

when a large cluster of blastomeres are formed from cell division, there’s a large internal cavity, what is this stage?

Answer 12

the blastula stage

Question 13

whats the name of the internal cavity, and what develops from this cavity?

Answer 13

the blastocoel and the animals internal organs can begin to develop

Question 14

whats the next stage after the blastula? whats this process called?

Answer 14

gastrula stage and gastrulation

Question 15

what is the term for the pocket formed in the blastocoel from proliferating embryonic cells that invade the blastocoel?

Answer 15

archenteron

Question 16

whats does the archenteron turn into?

Answer 16

the digestive tract

Question 17

what is the name of the opening to the pocket? what does this turn into?

Answer 17

blastopore, and this will turn into the mouth or anus

Question 18

what three ________ tissue layers are found in bilaterally symmetrical animals ?

Answer 18

three germ tissue layers are found in bilateral animals, and there’s the ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm

Question 19

what germ layer becomes the skin epithelium, and nervous tissue?

Answer 19

ectoderm, outter

Question 20

what germ layer becomes muscle tissue and cells of connective tissue?

Answer 20

mesoderm, in between the ectoderm and endoderm

Question 21

what germ tissue becomes internal epithelia and internal glands? This also lines the archenteron.

Answer 21

endoderm, inner

Question 22

what is the term for the development of the nervous system? what is the name of this stage?

Answer 22

neurulation and neurula stage

Question 23

what is formed (3 things ) from the ectoderm when it internally migrates (folds) along the length of the embryo?

Answer 23

the brain, spinal cord, and other nervous system components

Question 24

what stage comes after the gastrula stage, this usually happens in animals like amphibs.?

Answer 24

neurula stage

Question 25

what is the term for the bilateral symmetry characteristic for a starfish larva?

Answer 25

bipinnaria larva

Question 26

what is the name of a layer of melanin (pigment) granules in outer cells? whats the function?

Answer 26

pigmented cortex, and this protects the embryo from ultraviolet radiation

Question 27

in frog gastrulation, the mesoderm cells proliferate and some differentiate to form _____ and where is it located

Answer 27

notochord, and it is a mesodermal rod that is right under the dorsal ectoderm

Question 28

whats the term during neurulation where the lateral edges of the neural plate fold toward each other to from the groove of the ectoderm?

Answer 28

neural groove

Question 29

what is formed when both sides of the grooves of the neural groove fuse together? where is located to the notochord?

Answer 29

neural tube, and is dorsal to the notochord

Question 30

what is formed from the neural tube?

Answer 30

the brain and spinal cord

Question 31

in a bird embryo, what does the heart do for the embryo after it has been developed ?

Answer 31

pumps blood with nutrients from the yolk via vessels

Question 32

what are the name of the vessels in bird embryos that pump blood with nutrients?

Answer 32

vitelline viens

Question 33

what do the segmental masses of mesoderm that appear along the flanks of the bird embryos become and what are they called?

Answer 33

they become bones and muscles, these are called somites

Question 34

what is the specialized area of ectoderm called that is in the embryonic stage that gives gives rise to _____?

Answer 34

the neural plate and this gives rise to the spinal cord, including the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar levels.

Question 35

what is the term for anterior neural tube that has differentiated into something vision related?

Answer 35

optic vesicles

Question 36

what vessels are enclosed by the endoderm and ectoderm, and are derived from the mesoderm?

Answer 36

blood vessels