nervous system

Question 1

what system is the brain and spinal cord apart of?

Answer 1

central nervous system (CNS)

Question 2

what system are nerves, ganglia, and receptors apart of?

Answer 2

peripheral nervous system

Question 3

what are the clusters of cells outside of the CNS?

Answer 3

ganglia

Question 4

what are cells and cell parts that reside in special tissues and organs. they bring info to the nervous system?

Answer 4

receptors

Question 5

what’re the 4 basic functions of the CNS?

Answer 5

sensory, motor, memory, and integration

Question 6

which basic function has an input into the system by receptors?

Answer 6

sensory

Question 7

which basic function has a output to the effectors?

Answer 7

motor

Question 8

what’re non-nervous target cells?

Answer 8

effectors

Question 9

which basic function is important for repeatability, stored sensory, motor info., can be acquired or “hardwired”?

Answer 9

memory

Question 10

which basic function links the other three function together, this would involve interpretation or thoughts?

Answer 10

integration

Question 11

what’re the two basic types of cells in the CNS?

Answer 11

neurons and neuroglia

Question 12

which basic cell assists the neurons?

Answer 12

neuroglia

Question 13

what basic cell enacts system functions?

Answer 13

neurons

Question 14

what’re the two things neurons do?

Answer 14

neurons release a neurotransmitter from a synapse. And they experience nerve pulses or spasm, which causes neurtrans. release

Question 15

what does divergence cause in one neuronal pathway?

Answer 15

can cause “amplification” of the signal

Question 16

what does divergence cause in multiple tracts in neuronal pathways?

Answer 16

can transmit the same info. to diff parts of the brain

Question 17

what is the term for stereotypical response to a specific stimuli, like if something was really hot?

Answer 17

reflex arc

Question 18

what kind of circuit can sustain impulses?

Answer 18

reverberating circuits

Question 19

can neurons self stimulate in a reverberating circuit?

Answer 19

yes they can, this will make it so pulses won’t stop

Question 20

what kind of pathway permits a “turning off” of an impulse?

Answer 20

convergent pathway

Question 21

what is released from the convergent pathway?

Answer 21

an inhibitory neurotransmitter is released to stop a pulse

Question 22

what is the term for a wave of ion transfer across a membrane, due to sodium influx from the gated channel proteins?

Answer 22

action potential

Question 23

what is another term for “pulses”?

Answer 23

action potential

Question 24

the plasma membrane ion distrib. is maintained by what?

Answer 24

active transport carriers

Question 25

what pumps sodium back into the membrane and is depolarized?

Answer 25

gated channel

Question 26

what pumps the sodium out and is polarized?

Answer 26

active transport carrier

Question 27

where are the gate ion channels arranged?

Answer 27

along the length of the neuron and axon

Question 28

what is the term for when a gate ion channels open for a couple milliseconds then close, and then it is disabled after it has opened/closed?

Answer 28

refractory period

Question 29

what assures that the direction of the impulses will go in one direction?

Answer 29

refractory period

Question 30

what're the two things known to cause an gate ion channel to open / close?

Answer 30

the opening and closing of a adjacent gated ion channel- assure a domino affect. The gate ion channel will open/close if it is zapped by a researcher with electricity

Question 31

what do living cells have?

Answer 31

membrane potential

Question 32

what is a measurable voltage across the cell membrane, due to uneven ion charge distrub.?

Answer 32

membrane potential

Question 33

is the inside of the membrane positive or negative?

Answer 33

mostly negative inside

Question 34

is the outside of the membrane positive or negative?

Answer 34

mostly positive, due to the abundance of sodium and calcium ions

Question 35

how is the membrane potential maintained?

Answer 35

active transport carriers