histology

Question 1

what are the four main tissues of mature animal tissues?

Answer 1

epithelia, connective tissue , muscle tissue, and nervous tissue.

Question 2

what tissue encloses connective tissue space inside the body, and includes sheets of cells that cover surfaces?

Answer 2

epithelia

Question 3

what tissue is composed of abundant extracellular matrix, and enclosed by the epithelia?

Answer 3

connective tissue

Question 4

what tissue is composed of elongated cells that contract to impart motion; embedded in the connective tissue? They use ATP too.

Answer 4

muscle tissue

Question 5

what cells are thin, and elongated (neurons) that convey signals in the brain and throughout the body? ; embedded in connective tissue. eg. tastebuds

Answer 5

nervous tissue

Question 6

what is made of non-living matter outside of cells (eg. bones, teeth, leather) ? This usually includes a weave of protein fibers, what is this also called?

Answer 6

the extracellular matrix and collagen

Question 7

what is are the teams of cells called that have specific functions?

Answer 7

tissues

Question 8

functional groupings of tissues are called ?

Answer 8

organs

Question 9

what are a team of organs called that enact major body functions in only animals?

Answer 9

organ system

Question 10

what develop from epithelia membranes and are they considered epithelia too?

Answer 10

glands develop and yes they’re epithelia too

Question 11

what tissue cells are attached to an basement membrane (structureless material secreted by cells), depend of capillaries for food/oxygen, and can regenerate if well nourished?

Answer 11

epithelia tissue

Question 12

what are the three epithelial enclosures of the connective tissue?

Answer 12

mucosa (internal spaces open to the world) , skin, peritoneum (lines the body cavity)

Question 13

whats the basal surface of epithelia? it’s also a weave of matrix

Answer 13

its the tissue attached to the connective tissue by basement membrane

Question 14

whats the apical surface of epithelia?

Answer 14

exposed surfaces

Question 15

what is simple epithelia?

Answer 15

this is one layer of cells

Question 16

what is stratified epithelia?

Answer 16

multiple layers of cells

Question 17

what are the three shapes of epithelia cells?

Answer 17

squamous, cuboidal, and columnar

Question 18

shape of squamous? what do they line? (4 things)

Answer 18

flat thin cells. lines the lungs because very permeable, lines blood vessels/heart, and the peritoneum.

Question 19

shape of cuboidal? what do they form? (3 things)

Answer 19

cube like cells. Form the tubules in the kidney, forms the gland ducts, can have a brush border of microvilli.

Question 20

shape of columnar ? what do they line? (4 things)

Answer 20

column shaped cells. Lines the digestive tract, reproductive duct, has a brush border in the intestine, and a ciliated version lines the fallopian tubes

Question 21

Are the three shape of epithelia glandular or non-glandular?

Answer 21

all non-glandular

Question 22

what are sheets of cells that cover surfaces called?

Answer 22

non-glandular

Question 23

what looks stratified but is not, and is ciliated versions of the epithelia tissues, as well as lines air passages?

Answer 23

Pseudo stratified epithelia, simple

Question 24

what has multiple layers of cells, and is named from the elongated shape of apical cells?

Answer 24

stratified epithelia

Question 25

what cells are flattened and elongated, these cells accommodate "wear and tear", what would these line?

Answer 25

stratified squamous. Lines the skin, mouth, pharynx, esophagus, anus, vagina, and birth canal

Question 26

what cells change shape to accommodate stretch and what does it line?

Answer 26

transitional epithelia, and it lines the urinary conductive organs. Looks "bubbly"

Question 27

what are the two types of glandular epithelia?

Answer 27

exocrine and endocrine

Question 28

which glandular tissue is outside and inside of the connective tissue, secretes useful product outside the body, and has the look of pockets/channels?

Answer 28

exocrine, secrete sweat, oils

Question 29

Which glandular tissue secretes hormones into the blood or lymphatic vessels, and is located only inside of the connective tissue?

Answer 29

endocrine

Question 30

what is the correct term for "fat", what cells composes the "fat", and what does it look like?

Answer 30

adipose, is composed of adipocytes, looks kinda like honey combs under the scope

Question 31

is adipose a special or proper connective tissue?

Answer 31

special

Question 32

what does special connective tissue include ?

Answer 32

blood, bone, cartlidge, and fat

Question 33

the matrix of special conn. tissue includes two things...

Answer 33

protein fibers and ground substance

Question 34

what gives "body", and texture to the tissue. This can be like. firm gel, liquid, and mineral, what's an example of each of these?

Answer 34

ground substance. example of firm gel is cartilage, mineral is bone, and liquid is connective tissue.

Question 35

what are the two types of adipose?

Answer 35

white fat and brown fat

Question 36

which type of fat stores long term energy, cushions, and insulates?

Answer 36

white fat

Question 37

which fat is found in birds and mammals, babies have this mostly , and it generates heat..

Answer 37

brown fat

Question 38

what are the three types of proper connective tissue?

Answer 38

areolar (loose tissue), dense regular conn. tissue, and irregular dense conn. tissue

Question 39

this tissue is most abundant, provides conduits for blood vessels/nerves, stores body fluids, and helps hold the organs together (general "stuffing" of the body)

Answer 39

areolar tissue, loose conn. tissue

Question 40

what does the areolar tissue form that's the underlayment of the epithelia?

Answer 40

lamina propria of the mucose and peritoneum

Question 41

what's the tissue that the fibers are arranged in ONE direction to accommodate stress?

Answer 41

dense regular conn. tissue

Question 42

dense regular conn. tissue forms what 2 things, and what do they do?

Answer 42

form ligaments that connect the bones to other bones and tendons that allow the muscles to attach to bones

Question 43

what tissue is arranged in a weave of multiple directions, like a clothe. What does it do? What's an example?

Answer 43

dense irregular connective tissue, and this encapsulates everything. The dermis is an example

Question 44

what holds the tissues together in animals?

Answer 44

cell junctions

Question 45

what are the three cell junctions?

Answer 45

desmosomes, tight/occluding, and gap junctions

Question 46

what cells will you see when looking at areolar and what do they do?

Answer 46

fibroblasts, these build the matrix

Question 47

what cell junction is similar to protein "buttons" and connects cells to cells? Similar to a big piece of protein holding everything together.

Answer 47

desmosomes

Question 48

what cell junction is like a protein "belt" between epithelia cells and they limit flu8id leakage?

Answer 48

tight or occluding junctions

Question 49

what cell junction is like a protein "portal" that permits cytoplasm sharing? what muscle in the chest is linked to these, and whats the purpose?

Answer 49

Gap junctions. Linked to the cardiac muscles, purpose is to control the heart cell contraction coordination

Question 50

what are the cells called that are linked by the gap junction?

Answer 50

syncytium