Emetics

Question 1

Specific ttt

Answer 1

Ciprofloxacin
Metronidazole

Question 2

Cipro

Answer 2

Bacillary dysentery

Question 3

Metronidazole

Answer 3

Amebic dysentry

Question 4

Non specific ttt

Answer 4

Correct dehydration
GIT protectives
Antimotility

Question 5

Correction of dehydration

Answer 5

Mild and moderate
Severe

Question 7

Severe dehydration

Answer 7

Paranteral RT

Question 8

Mild and moderate

Answer 8

ORT for correction only plus acid base and electrolyte imbalance

Question 9

GIT protectives - adsorb toxic substances and pribmvides intestinal coat

Answer 9

Adsorbents
Absorbents
Astringents

Question 10

Kaolin
Bismuth
Chalk
Charcoal

Answer 10

Adsorbents

Question 11

Absorbents

Answer 11

Pectin in rice, carrots and apples

Question 12

Tr. Catechu

Answer 12

Astringent - releases tannic acid and precipitates surface proteins

Question 13

Anti motility

Answer 13

Parasympatholytics
Opiates

Question 14

Parasympatholytics

Answer 14

Atropine
Propantheline

Question 15

Opiates

Answer 15

Loperamide - activates mu opioid receptors with minimal CNS effecrs
Diphenoxylate - all the bbb CNS effects
Eluxadoline - high mu receptor affinity

Question 16

Traveler’s diarrhea exists

Answer 16

Prevented by bismuth subsalicylate - antisecretory because salicylate moiety (PG drop) and antimicrobial because bismuth moiety

Question 17

Prevention of bacteria associated diarrhea

Answer 17

Probiotics

Question 18

Functions of cable non pathogenic microorganism lactpbacillli in pobiotics

Answer 18

Improve mucosal barrier
Inhibit bacterial overgrowth
Antiniflammatory effect of short chain FA like acetate and propionate

Question 19

IBS

Answer 19

Idiopathic
Chronic
Relapsing
Abdominal discomfort- pain, bloating, distention, cramps
Alterating bowel habits - diarrhea, constipation or both

Question 20

IBS drugs

Answer 20

Dicyclomin
S3 antagonists like alosteron 1 mv once or twice daily

Question 22

Alosteron

Answer 22

Reduces
IBS lower Abdominal pain
Cramps
Diarrhea
Urgency

Question 23

Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Answer 23

Ulcerative colitis - colon and rectum only
Chron’s disease - all parts of GIT

Question 24

Ttt of UC

Answer 24

Correct anemia, electrolyte and acid base balance
Corticos
Aminosalycilates
Purine analogs
Anti integrin
Anti TNF
Tofacitinib

Question 25

Corticos - oral, IV retention enema

Answer 25

Suppress inflammation during acute flares No role in maintenance May be come steroid dependent but used in severe diseases

Question 26

Aminosalycylates

Answer 26

Unknown mechanism of action Used for both induction and maintenence May inhibit LOX and COX to decrease PG and LT May inhibit functions of NK cells, mucosal lymphocytes and macrophages May scavenge O2 free radicals

Question 27

Sulfasalzine - Oral

Answer 27

Split by colonic bacteria into sulfapyridine which is absorbed and responsible for aide effects of the drug and 5 aminosalicylic acid which is responsible for many of the beneficial effects (why recent drugs now only contain 5ASA - no sulfa drugs)

Question 28

Mild and moderate UC and Chron's disease

Answer 28

Non sulfas: mesalazine (oral and safer than sulfa) and olsalazine ( two 5 - ASA's linked together and oral)

Question 29

Immune suppressor purine analogues

Answer 29

Azathioprine 6 - mercaptopurine

Question 30

Anti integrin

Answer 30

Natalizumab

Question 31

Anti TNF (alpha)

Answer 31

Mabs: Infleximiab Adalimumab Certolizumab Golimumab

Question 32

Tofacitinib

Answer 32

Interrupts JAK - STAT pathway decreasing synthesis and differentiation of B and T cells involved in mucosa inflammation