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Emotion Flashcards

1
Q

Are emotion and reason linked?

A

Yes. Without emotion we can’t make rational decisions

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2
Q

Who is phineas gage

A

Explosion sent an iron rod through his skull his general function was okay but his personality and emotions were different

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3
Q

Who is Elliot in relation to emotion

A

He had brain surgery to remove a frontal lobe tumour he was different after the operation he seemed devoid of emotion and made foolish decisions

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4
Q

What is emotion

A

Evaluative response either positive or negative

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5
Q

What does emotion include

A

Physiological arousal

Subjective experience

Behavioural/emotional expression

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6
Q

What is expression

A

Overt signs of emotion

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7
Q

What is mood

A

More general emotional state that may or may not be externally expressed

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8
Q

What is the affect of emotion

A

Pattern of behaviour that express emotions

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9
Q

Emotional Valence?

A

Emotions can be classified according to their emotions

  • positive
  • negative
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10
Q

Can emotional valence impact on behaviour

A

Yes there is a positive effect associated with pleasure seeking approach orientated behaviour

And a negative affect related to the avoidance of behaviours

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11
Q

What is the discrete emotions theory

A

Humans experience a small number of distinct emotions that:

  • serve distinct evolutionary purposes
  • have distinct physiological responses
  • are universal across cultures (the way we express is different)
  • occurs before thought
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12
Q

What did Darwin say about emotions

A

They serve adaptive purposes and increase the chances of survival

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13
Q

How do emotions help survival

A

Social communication and internal motivator for example fear

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14
Q

How many primary emotions are in the discrete emotion theory

A

Seven

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15
Q

What are the primary emotions involved in the discrete emotion theory

A 
Anger 
Fear 
Disgust 
Surprised 
Happy 
Sad 
Contempt
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16
Q

Are positive or negative emotions easier to recognise

A

Positive are more easily recognisable

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17
Q

What are secondary emotions in the discrete emotions theory

A

They are when you combine two or more primary emotions

Eg. Anger and disgust

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18
Q

What does the German word schadenfreude mean?

A

Glee of experiencing misfortune of others

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19
Q

Does the discrete emotions theory claim to be culturally consistent?

A

Cross cultural studies have found the seven primary emotions are universally recognised and expressed

However different cultures give different weight to emotions

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20
Q

What do display rules mean? (Discrete emotions theory)

A

Cultures have different rules about how and when to express emotions

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21
Q

Which brain region produces fear

A

The amygdala

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22
Q

Which brain region produces disgust

A

The insula

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23
Q

What are the cognitive theories of emotion

A

The James-Lange theory

The somatic marker theory

Cannon-bard theory

Appraisal theory

Two factor theory of emotion (singer-shacter)

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24
Q

Explain the James-Lange theory

A

There is an emotion inducing stimulus that leads to behavioural and bodily responses there is a subjective interpretation of arousal emotion

This means that responses are driven by what was feeling emotions result from interpretations of our bodily reaction to stimuli

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25
What is the evidence for the James-Lange theory
higher spinal damage associated with reduced subjective emotion
26
What is the evidence against the James-Lange theory
Emotional responses can be faster than physiological and we are not always aware of our bodily reactions
27
Explain the somatic marker theory
Gut reactions and physiological response unconsciously directs our decision-making and emotional reactions
28
What is the evidence against the somatic marker theory
People with pure autonomic failure can make decisions without any bodily feedback
29
Explain the cannon-bard theory
Emotional and behavioural responses are elicited simultaneously and independently So an emotion provoking event produces an emotion and a bodily reaction at the same time
30
What is the evidence against the Canon bared theory
It is argued that most physiological changes occur to slowly to trigger emotional reactions that happen quickly The somatic and autonomic responses can influence emotional experience in some cases
31
What is the appraisal theory?
Emotions are extracted from our appraisal to a stimulus Emotions will vary depending on the significance of the stimulus
32
What is the two-factor theory of emotion?
Two psychological events required to produce an emotion Emotions are the explanation we attach to our arousal 1. Unspecified physiological/autonomic arousal 2. Cognitive interpretation asked on internal/external event
33
What is the criticism of the two-factor theory of emotion?
Emotion can occur in the absence of arousal
34
What is an example of the two factor theory of emotion
People rate the opposite sex as more attractive if they have just been on a roller coaster
35
What are the effects of cognitive appraisal have on us
Can influence how we perceive the emotions of others
36
What are the different types of emotional regulation
Reframing Suppressing
37
What is reframing?
Creating a different way of looking at a situation Reframing the meaning of an event before emotional response occurs reduces negative affect
38
What is suppressing?
Preventing the development or expression. Suppressing emotions after the emotional response leads to increased autonomic arousal
39
What effect does emotion have on cognition
It affects mood and can influence memory capacity, problem-solving, decision-making, judgements, inferences, predictions Biases our attention and recall of particular information Influences expectations for the future
40
What is the facial feedback hypothesis?
You are more likely to feel emotions that correspond to your facial features
41
What is the supporting evidence for the facial feedback hypothesis
There was a study and participants contracted face muscles and the autonomic response was measured participants felt the emotion they displayed but this could be due to classical conditioning
42
How does the limbic system play a role in emotion?
It produces and regulates emotional responses and helps us to interpret the emotions of others
43
What is the cingulate cortex
A part of the limbic system and is involved in emotional expression and interpreting and engaging in social behaviour
44
Explain Kluver-Bucy syndrome
Bilateral removal or damage to the amygdala The main symptoms were a lack of fear, an urge to put objects in mouth, memory loss, hypersexuality, visual distractibility, placidity and emotional blunting
45
What is the insula cortex?
Involved in the recognition and experience of disgust
46
Explain the high and low road
The low road means to be fast: it is a fast subcortical pathway by the thalamus for rapid threat detection The high road means to be sure: slower cortical path with more complex analysis
47
Are there any brain structures linked to just one emotion
No
48
What are some non-verbal expressions of emotion
Facial expressions Posture Gestures Emblems (ok sign, waving, thumbs up)
49
Explain non-verbal leakage
Often a powerful cue that we are trying to hide an emotion Unconscious spillover of emotions into non-verbal behaviour
50
What are micro expressions
Brief expressions which occur when trying to conceal emotions
51
Explain emotional distance
``` There are four levels: public social personal and intimate ```
52
What is proxemics
The study of personal space
53
Public level of distance?
12 ft or more Eg. Public speaking
54
Social level of distance?
4-12 ft. Eg. Conversation among strangers
55
Personal level of distance?
1.5-4ft Eg. Conversations among close friends
56
Intimate level of distance?
0-1.5ft Eg. Kissing and hugging
57
What is happiness good for?
May produce enduring physical and psychological benefits
58
What is the broadens and build theory?
Happiness predisposes is to think more openly which allows us to see the bigger picture
59
Why do happier people tend to live longer?
They tend to cope better with bad life events
60
What makes us happy?
``` Marriage Friendship Education Religion Exercise Gratitude Giving Flow ```
61
What doesn’t make us happy?
What happens to us Money Youth Never being worried
62
What is self esteem
A persons evaluation of their worth.
63
What are the benefits of self esteem?
High self esteem is associated with greater initiative and persistence. Related to positive illusions which are the tendencies to perceive ourselves more positively than others do
64
What is a downside to self esteem
Can be maladaptive in extreme amounts
65
What is positive psychology
Emphasises human strengths (resilience, coping, life satisfaction, love and happiness) Interventions help people incorporate character strengths and virtues into daily life

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