Emotion and Stress

Question 1

Folk psychology

Answer 1

Feeling triggers autonomic reaction

Question 2

James Lange theory

Answer 2

Autonomic reaction triggers feeling
Stimuli gives rise to specific arousal patterns that we perceive as distinct emotions

Question 3

Cannon Bare theory

Answer 3

Simultaneous feeling and autonomic reaction
Stimuli give rise to distinct arousal and cognitive state simultaneously

Question 4

Schachter & Singer theory

Answer 4

Cognitive attribution of emotion to arousal
Stimuli provoke nonspecific arousal that is cognitively labeled on the basis of situational cues

Question 5

Most of the subcortical concentrated are in the

Answer 5

Medial forebrain bundle

Question 6

Role in addiction

Answer 6

Nucleus accumbens
Releases dopamine and generates feelings of pleasures

Question 7

Set of medial brain structures involved in the processing of emotions

Answer 7

Limbic system

Question 8

Originally proposed by Papez as a circuit for emotion processing

Answer 8

Papez circuit

Question 9

Limbic system includes

Answer 9

Amygdala, hippocampus and cingulate cortex

Question 10

Lesions of the amygdala

Answer 10

Abolishes this learning

Question 11

Studies of fear conditioning

Answer 11

Amygdala located in temporal lobe. Critical for appetitive learning

Question 12

Low road

Answer 12

Fast direct route to the amygdala bypassing conscious processing and allowing immediate reactions to stimuli

Question 13

High road

Answer 13

Visual areas to the thalamus to the sensory cortex- goes to sensory areas that are slow have a lot more information which conducts cognitive processing

Question 14

The Schachter and Singer theory of emotion is also called the _____ theory because first circumstances provoke automatic arousal, and then arousal is attributed to a special emotion based on context

Answer 14

Two- factor

Question 15

Paul Ekman and colleagues have proposed the existence of facial expression ls for eight emotions that are recognized across all societies. Which of the following is not them?

Answer 15

Expectation

Question 16

Charles Darwin noted that nonhuman have the same facial muscles as humans and proposed that emotional expressions

Answer 16

May have originated in a common ancestor

Question 17

Decorticate rage refers to

Answer 17

Sudden, intense, poor directed rage that lacks a clear direction

Question 18

Research using fMRI suggests that feelings of romantic love, as opposed to friendship, are associated with reduced activity of the

Answer 18

Posterior cingulate and amygdala

Question 19

The strictures of the Papez circuit of emotion are primarily parts of the ____ system

Answer 19

Limbic

Question 20

If an animal is being perused by a predator, it’s immune system is suppressed, and it’s psychologically system readies for escape. Would you expect this immune suppression the animal?

Answer 20

No, because the immune system is only temporarily suppressed, allowing the animals resources to go towards survival

Question 21

When people are shown visual stimuli associated with pain or fear, fear-specific activity is observed in ____ neurons

Answer 21

Amygdala

Question 22

Which evidence challenges the idea that specific emotions are linked to specific physical responses?

Answer 22

There is no distinctive automatic pattern for each separate emotion

Question 23

Research indicates that mice show at least ____ different facial expressions in response to different emotional states

Answer 23

Six

Question 24

The amygdala is crucial for

Answer 24

Emotional learning

Question 25

What three aspects does emotion encompass?

Answer 25

Feelings Physiological arousal Behavioral acts

Question 26

Removal of the cortex produces

Answer 26

Poor directed and uncoordinated attack behavior known as decorticate (sham) rage

Question 27

In the Kluver- Bucy syndrome

Answer 27

Lesions involving the temporal lobes (particularly the amygdala) produce a syndrome of tameness, lack of fear, hyperorality, hypersexuality

Question 28

Papez circuit of emotions includes

Answer 28

Structures of the limbic system- the amygdala, hippocampus, fornix, and anterior thalamus

Question 29

Stimulation of what sites produce rewarding sensations that transmit dopamine that is implicated key to part of this reward system?

Answer 29

Medial forebrain bundle- midbrain, hypothalamus, forebrain

Question 30

The amygdala plays important role in fear processing

Answer 30

Receiving direct sensory input from the thalamus and the sensory cortex

Question 31

Facial expressions are mediated by

Answer 31

Muscles, cranial nerves, and CNS pathways

Question 32

Brain lesions also affect

Answer 32

Emotions

Question 33

What is crucial for emotional learning

Answer 33

Amygdala

Question 34

T/F different emotions activate different regions of the human brain

Answer 34

True

Question 35

T/F Brain circuits mediate aggressions

Answer 35

True

Question 36

Emotion encompasses at least three aspects

Answer 36

Feelings, physiological arousal and behavioral acts

Question 37

Facial expressions are produced by a complicated set of muscles controlled by

Answer 37

Facial and trigeminal nerves

Question 38

Removal of the cortex produces

Answer 38

Poorly directed and uncoordinated attack behavior know as decorticate (sham) rage

Question 39

In Kluver Bucy syndrome

Answer 39

Lesions involving the temporal lobe (particularly the amygdala) produce a syndrome of tameness and lack of fear, hyperorality and hypersexuality

Question 40

Pape'z circuit of emotion contains many of the structures of the limbic system

Answer 40

Amygdala, hippocampus, fornix, anterior thalamus

Question 41

The amygdala plays an important role in

Answer 41

Fear processing- receives direct sensory input from the thalamus and the sensory cortex- both project to the lateral nucleus its outputs via the central nucleus influence emotional, hormonal, and autonomic responses to fear stimuli

Question 42

Aggression and serotonin levels are

Answer 42

Negatively correlated Decreased serotonin and serotonin metabolite levels are found in humans who have become violent

Question 43

Human violent has been linked to

Answer 43

Disorders of the temporal lobe and in the case of psychopaths the prefrontal cortex

Question 44

Hans Selye launched that

Answer 44

Stress is a diverse concept that encompasses stressful stimuli- stress processing system and a stress response

Question 45

Stress is associated with

Answer 45

Autonomic reactivity accompanied by systematic neuroendocrine changes, increases in cortisol, epinephrine, and norepinephrine, and decreased secretions of testosterone

Question 46

Exposures to mild stress early in life

Answer 46

Inoculates against the effects of stress later in life- providing evidence for epigenetic influences on the development of the adult stress responses