Emotion Regulation

Question 1

What is emotion regulation?

Answer 1

• Several definitions
  “Emotion regulation studies how individuals influence which emotions they have, when they have them and how the experience and express them”
• Focus on re-evaluating feelings
• Can be adaptive

Question 2

Emotion Regulation - Strategy based models

Answer 2

The use of certain strategies to influence
- Which emotion we experience and how
- Frequency and what time
- Expression of emotions

Question 3

Emotion Regulation - Ability based models

Answer 3

Dispositional abilities that provide a foreground for adaptive regulation of emotions
- Acceptance
- Mindful emotion awareness
- Distress tolerance

Question 4

Ability based approaches - Difficulties in emotion Regulation Scale

Answer 4

Focused on difficulties in emotion regulation
6 themes
- Nonacceptance of emotional response
- Adopting goal directed behaviors
- Controlling impulsive behaviors
- Emotional awareness
Often lacking
- Access to strategies
Few and poor
- Emotion identification or clarity
Diffuse emotions

Question 5

Maladaptive Emotion Regulation Strategies

Answer 5

Associated with psychological distress
- Suppression
- Behavioral and experiential avoidance
- Rumination

Question 6

Adaptive Emotion Regulation Strategies

Answer 6

Associated with psychological well-being
- Acceptance
- Problem solving
- Cognitive reappraisal

Question 7

Emotion Regulation Flexibility

Answer 7

To be able to match emotion regulation to the context and having access to a wide array of different strategies
- Adaptive or maladaptive

Question 8

What are the two hypothesis with emotion regulation strategies?

Answer 8

• Context insensitivity
  The more you use one strategy over the other, you exclude others
• Practice effects
  The more you use a strategy, the more it becomes a habit
  Less resources

Question 9

Emotion Regulation - Cognitive Reappraisal

Answer 9

• Reinterpretation of emotion and its impact in that context
• Maladaptive appraisals is common
  Failed as a human
  Misinterpretations
• Difficult to do adaptively in stressful situations, lead to avoidance or rumination

Question 10

Emotion Regulation - Distraction

Answer 10

Withdrawal of attention from an emotional situation
-Verge of avoidance
- Relatively effective in regulating high intensity emotions
- Adaptive when combined with acceptance strategies

Question 11

Emotion Regulation - Avoidance

Answer 11

Avoidance of situations or internal experience related to emotions
- Behavioral avoidance associated with mental disorders
- Extremely effective short-term
- Decreased distress tolerance
- Handling stress
- Combined with acceptance

Question 12

Emotion Regulation - Suppression

Answer 12

Suppression of unwanted thoughts and behaviors related to an emotional experience
- Comes back as rumination often
- Increased physiological arousal and frequency (paradoxalt)
- Risk factor for mental disorders
- Expressive suppression - facial expression

Question 13

Emotion Regulation - Ruminition

Answer 13

A repetitive focus on the emotional experience, its causes and consequences
- Seen as problem-solving, but is a never ending story
- Temporary reductions in emotion intensity
- Associated with depression, anxiety and anger
- Negative self-awareness

Question 14

Emotion Regulation - Primary and secondary emotion

Answer 14

• Primary
  The first emotional reaction for a given event
• Secondary
  An emotional reaction to the primary emotion

Question 15

What functions does the secondary emotion have?

Answer 15

To downregulate the primary emotion

Question 16

Defense Mechanisms

Answer 16

Primarly unconcious regulation of anxiety
- Often maladaptive
Denial, displacement, repression

Question 17

Coping Strategies

Answer 17

An extension to emotion regulation
- Actions or thought processes used to tackle stressful or unpleasant situations

Question 18

The process model of Emotion Regulation

Answer 18

Focus on a circular process of
A. Situation - Attention - Appraisal - Response
B. 5 families of coping strategies
C. Identification - Selection - Implementation - Monitoring

Question 19

The process model of Emotion Regulation - A

Answer 19

Emotion generation process
- The circular process

Question 20

The process model of Emotion Regulation - B

Answer 20

Is the emotion regulation part of the model
- Situation selection
Prevent emotion to happen
- Situation modification
Problem-focused coping
- Attentional deployment
- Cognitive change
Reappraisal of the emotion
- Response modulation