Emt 2 Flashcards
1
Q
Glasgow Coma Scale for eyes
A
spontaneous eye opening = 4 points
• eye opening in response to speech = 3 points
• eye opening in response to pain stimuli = 2 points
• no eye opening = 1 point
2
Q
GSC scale for verbal ?
A
responding with an oriented conversation
= 5 points
• responding with confused conversation = 4 points
• responding with inappropriate words = 3 points
• responding with incomprehensible sounds
= 2 points
• not responding verbally = 1 point
3
Q
GSc scale for motor
A
Obey commands -6
Moves to pain - 5
Flex to withdraw from pain- 4
Abnormal flexing-3
Adnirmal extension-2
No response- 1
4
Q
Sympathomimetics are central nervous system stimulants that mimic the effects of the sympathetic drug examples
A
Fight or flight examples : cocaine, MDMA (ecstasy), methamphetamine, and caffeine.
5
Q
Heroin, fentanyl, and Oxycodone are
A
Opioids
6
Q
What shock , often life-threatening ALLERGIC reaction to an antigen to which the body has become hypersensitive.
A
Anaphylactic shock
7
Q
Signs of anaphylaxis include
A
itchy skin or a raised, red skin rash.
swollen eyes, lips, hands and feet.
feeling lightheaded or faint.
swelling of the mouth, throat or tongue, which can cause breathing and swallowing difficulties.
wheezing.
abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting.
collapse and unconsciousness.
8
Q
What shock is a condition that prevents blood and oxygen from getting to your organs.
A
Obstructive shock
9
Q
tension pneumothorax, pericardial tamponade, restrictive cardiomyopathy, constrictive pericarditis. Examples of what shock
A
Obstruction
10
Q
a combination of both primary and secondary injuries that lead to loss of sympathetic tone and thus unopposed parasympathetic response driven by the vagus nerve. Consequently, patients suffer from instability in blood pressure, heart rate, and temperature regulation. Is what shock
A
Neurological shock
11
Q
result from other explosive products (such as heat and light) and from exposure to toxic substances from fuels, metals, and gases that can cause burns, blindness, and inhalation injuries.
A
Quaternary blast injuries
12
Q
Primary blast vs secondary blast injury
A
P- result from the high pressures, or blast overpressure, created by explosions
S- result when strong blast winds behind the pressure front propel fragments and debris against the body and cause blunt force and penetrating injuries
13
Q
result from individuals being thrown by the blast wind
A
Tertiary blast injuries
14
Q
when the blood flow through the cerebral arteries is blocked. Is what kind of stoke
A
ischemic 80 % of pp have
15
Q
occurs when a blood vessel ruptures and causes increased pressure in the brain from the accumulated blood is what kind of stroke
A
hemorrhagic
16
Q
ThrombolitiC is
A
A med that dissolving a major clot quickly
17
Q
a legal principle that allows a person to take certain actions in an emergency situation free from recrimination.
A
The emergency doctrine
18
Q
legal documents that provide instructions for medical care and only go into effect if you cannot communicate your own wishes
A
Advance doctrine
19
Q
brief stroke-like attack that, despite resolving within minutes to hours, still requires immediate medical attention to distinguish from an actual stroke.
A
Transient ischemic attack
20
Q
A condition in which the liquid portion of the blood (plasma) is too low.
Causes include vomiting, diarrhea, and excessive bleeding. This can lead to shock, a life-threatening condition in which the organs aren’t getting enough blood or oxygen.
A
Hypovolemia
21
Q
Sunken fontanels most likely indicate
A
Hypovolemia
22
Q
increasing vasomotor tone means
A
(constricting blood vessels)
23
Q
Difficulty swallowing, drooling, and a bolt upright position indicate
A
epiglottitis.
24
Q
A potentially life-threatening condition that occurs when the tissue protecting the windpipe becomes inflamed
A
Epiglottitis
25
The process by which air leaves the lungs is considered
Passive
26
Sudden onset of abdominal pain in a sexually active female should always be assumed as an
ectopic pregnancy,
27
Cushing triad regarding ICP
P + R goes ?
bP goes ?
Pulse and respiration down
Systolic blood pressure up
28
Cushing’s triad regarding shock
P + R goes ?
bP goes ?
Bp down
Pulse and resp up
29
characterized by agitation, aggression, acute distress and sudden death, often in the pre-hospital care setting.
Agitated delirium
30
Least injured part of spine
thoracic region
31
lumbar region is frequently injured while
Lifting and moving
32
What is rarely injured since is comprised of other bones that makes up the strong pelvic girdle.
sacral region
33
What burn typically includes redness, severe pain, and blisters.
Partial thickness
34
What burn would not include blisters
Superficial
35
What burn would be charred, dry, and white.
Full thickness
36
What burn goes to the bone
4th degree
37
Blunt trauma, with or without associated rib fractures, and incidents such as unrestrained head-on motor vehicle accidents, falls, and altercations involving laterally directed blow cause
Tension pneumothorax
38
Wheezing =
Asthma
39
Bronchiolitis is seen more frequently in younger patients, typically less than
2
40
a common complication following intubation and usually results from the direct pressure and the inflammatory reaction triggered by the endotracheal tube on surfaces of contact.
laryngeal edema.
41
Bronchoconstriction is a common problem associated with
asphyxiation
42
The upper aspect of a pediatric trachea is what shape
Funnel
43
Cincinnati Prehospital Stroke Scale is a system used to rapidly identify
Stoke you asses face , arms and speech
44
Pain and a pulsatile mass indicate an
aortic aneurism.
45
oBstruction typically presents with waxing and waning pain.
Bowel
46
Altered mental status is a contraindication to the administration of
Charcoal
47
Bulging neck veins is a sign that the heart is
Not pumping effectively
48
EMT should expect the pulse ox to continuously what during a seizure
Drop
49
frequent urination and weight loss point to
hyperglycemia.
50
Beta what ?? effect causes bronchiole smooth muscle relaxation.
Beta what ?? results in stimulation of the heart to increase its activity, and Alpha 1 and Alpha 2 work in concert with each other to help regulate vascular smooth muscle tone
2.
1.
51
Commotio cordis occurs when
powerful blunt force interrupts the normal depolarization of the heart. Causing heart attack ( scene more in young athletes
52
Increased work of breathing, cyanosis, and an altered mental status indicate of what is failing
respiratory failure
53
cyanosis is more commonly associated with
Respiratory disorders
54
slurred speech and difficulty walking identify the possibility of
Acute stroke
55
nerve that controls the function of the diaphragm is the
phrenic nerve.
56
glossopharyngeal nerve controls
tastes and facial sensation.
57
The abducens controls
Movement of eyes
58
What causes the flow of blood to the alveoli to be blocked.
Pulmonary embolism
59
Lung collapse would indicate
pneumothorax.
60
Ruptured alveoli would indicate
traumatic asphyxia.
61
Oxygenated blood from the lungs enters the left …. , passes through the ……. and then is pumped out to the body by the left…...
atria, mitral valve, ventricle
62
Provocation refers to what, if anything,
Makes the pain worst
63
abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) what kind of pain
Tearing pain
64
Crushing pain may be caused my
Heart attack
65
What is a high-pitched course whistling sound occurs during expiration
Wheezing
66
A high-pitched, whistling sound most often heard while taking in a breath.
Stridor ( tracheal or laryngeal obstruction.)
67
low-pitched sounds similar to snores, usually indicating secretions in the airway, and are often cleared by coughing1.
Rhonchi
68
Small, clicking, bubbling, rattling sounds in the lungs
Rales
69
The trachea is connected to the larynx via ?
Cricoid cartilage
70
What position is the best position to place a non responsive patient that is breathing
Recovery
71
Largest portion of the nasal cavity
The respiratory region
72
Ssri (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitiors) are for
Anti-depressants, therefore depression, and anxiety
73
How many pulmonary veins in person have
4 they receive oxygenated blood from the lungs and deliver left atrium
74
What shock is a from blood loss or excessive fluid loss.
Hypovolaemic
75
What shock is when the HEART is unable to circulate enough blood volume to maintain adequate tissue perfusion.
Cardiogenic shock
76
What shock is caused by an obstruction in the cardiovascular system.
Obstructive shock
77
What shock occurs due to poor distribution of blood to the tissues, leading to inadequate tissue perfusion. This kind of shock is seen in spinal, septic, and anaphylactic shock.
Distributive shock
78
Any objective evidence of disease, such as rash, or cough Is considered a ?
Changes in normal functions such as stomachache , lower back pain, which are recognized by the person experience them is a
Sign / symptom
79
A condition where shortness of breath is scene when lying down often scene with pp with heart failure
Orthopnea
80
Vetch with have a heart rate of ?
150-220 implapable pulse
81
Common cause of acute abdomen ?
Gallstones
82
Having to much carbon dioxide in the blood is ?
Hypercapnia
83
A tearing pain in the back is a common way a patient with an
abdominal aortic aneurysm will describe it
84
The carotid arteries help perfuse the
Brain
85
The pulmonary artery brings deoxygenated blood to the
Lungs
86
START triage begins by asking patients to than….
Get up and walk , Next, respirations are assessed and if the patient is not breathing, the airway is opened. Pulse is then assessed, followed by mental status.
87
Primary prevention strategies are designed to prevent
illness or injuries (e.g. helmet safety classes).
88
Secondary prevention strategies are designed to
monitor and prevent progression of diseases already present, as in this example of hypertension.
89
Health screenings are designed to
determine if a disease state exists in a population of people,
90
Baroreceptors are special
"pressure receptors" in the large blood vessels of the body that detect blood pressure.
91
With a posterior hip dislocation the leg is commonly
rotated inward, the hip is flexed, and the knee is bent. foot of the injured leg may be hanging loose.
92
With an anterior hip dislocation the lower part of the leg is
rotated outward and the hip usually is flexed.
93
hip fracture, the foot on the injured side usually
turns outward.
94
a femur fracture (closed), the leg may appear to be
shortened as a result of muscle contractions.
95
An open wound should be
bandaged prior to applying a splint.
96
There are three types of organs in the abdomen -
solid, hollow, and vascular.
97
When a solid organ is damaged, there is usually what kind of pain
Full or discussed
98
hollow organs are damaged, they typically spill there contents into ?
their contents into the abdomen.
99
If a patient cannot move from the shoulders down, the suspected spinal cord injury is likely in the
low cervical region.
100
spinal shock typically does not have what kind of pulse rate
tachycardic pulse rate.
101
Class III hemorrhage is said to occur when the patient has lost
30-40 %
Glass 1-2 bp okay
4 - very low
102
The most likely cause is the beta blockers the patient is taking for
hypertension/ high blood presser meds end in (lol)
103
Between the two pleural linings (parietal and visceral), there is a
"potential space" created by the negative intrapleural pressure.
104
An oropharyngeal airway in a pediatric patient is placed by using
tongue depressor and inserted straight in. This is different than the adult procedure of inserting it upside down and rotating it into place.
105
Low blood pressure in anaphylaxis is caused primarily by
dilation of blood vessels and uncontrolled vascular tone.
106
The main cause of altered mental status in hyperglycemia is the
the massive fluid shift that robs brain cells of precious water.
107
Croup is a common infection that affects the
Upper airways
108
The barking cough is most likely caused by
edema below the vocal cords.
109
Stridor in this anaphylactic patient most likely represents
Swelling in airways
110
Secretions typically cause
Gurgling
111
The trauma lethal triad consists of H,C, A
hypothermia, coagulopathy, and acidosis.
112
Coagulopathy
called a bleeding disorder) is a condition in which the blood's ability to coagulate (form clots) is impaired. This condition can cause a tendency toward prolonged or excessive bleeding (bleeding diathesis), which may occur spontaneously or following an injury or medical and dental procedures
113
acidosis.
Build up of acid in blood stream
114
coronary arteries are branches from the
Branches for aorta
115
There are three classifications of pneumothorax:
Primary: No readily apparent cause and a lack of significant underlying lung disease.
• Secondary: Related to an underlying lung disease such as COPD (Chronic
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease) or tuberculosis.
• Traumatic: Result of a traumatic injury.
Based on the information provided, traumatic pneumothorax seems most likely.
116
Tension pneumothorax results from
progressive increase of air within the pleural space, usually due to a lung laceration which allows air to escape into the pleural space but not to return. The classic signs of tension pneumothorax are a deviation of the trachea away from the side with the tension, an increased percussion note, and a hyper-expanded chest that moves little with respiration.
117
causes sedation/ unconsciousness, bradypnea, cyanosis, hypotension, and pinpoint pupils.
Opioid overdose
118
Hemodialysis is removing
toxins and waste by filtering them through a dialysis machine. This is usually done 2 - 3 times per week at a dialysis center.
119
Peritoneal dialysis is done in the
home by infusing dialysis solution through a catheter into the peritoneum where it absorbs waste material, toxins and excess fluid.
120
List 4 signs and symptoms of ectopic pregnancy.
Missed menstrual cycle
Abdominal pain
Vaginal bleeding
Rapid pulse and blood pressure (signs of shock/late signs)
121
Hyperemesis gravidarum is a condition that occurs during
pregnancy involving severe nausea and vomiting. This usually results in weight loss, dehydration and electrolyte disturbances.
122
A fistula connects
arterial and venous blood flow in an extremity. It is used to connect the patient to a dialysis machine.
You should not take a blood pressure on an arm with a fistula.
123
ischemic stroke is caused by
Blot cloth
124
hemorrhagic stroke is caused by
blood vessel that ruptures and bleeds into the brain tissue. This stroke may present with a severe headache.
SHOW QUESTION
125
McBurney's Point
1/3 of the distance from the anterior superior iliac spine to the umbilicus. It is the rough location of the appendix in the body.
126
Syncope
Fainting, or a sudden temporary loss of consciousness.
127
Naloxone is indicated in opiate overdose. This includes
heroin, fentanyl, methadone and prescription narcotic medications (e.g. Oxycontin, oxycodone).
128
Ascites is a build-up of
fluid in the abdominal cavity. This may appear as distention or bulging.
129
Beta blockers (e.g. atenolol, metoprolol)do what
Slow heart rate
130
hyperglycemic patient may have what kind of breathe
Fruity smell breath
131
End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) is
failure of the kidneys so that they can no longer remove waste and regulate fluid balance in the body. Patients with ESRD require dialysis.
132
Left sided heart failure causes
Pulmonary edema
133
Right sided heart failure results in
fluid accumulation in the body's dependent areas (e.g. ankles and abdomen).
134
Right sided heart failure results in
fluid accumulation in the body's dependent areas (e.g. ankles and abdomen).
135
Tonic refers to a period of
muscle rigidity.
136
Clonic refers to the
violent muscle spasms and jerking or shaking seen in seizures.
137
Tonic/clonic seizures are a type
generalized seizure.
138
Atelectasis is the collapse of part or all of
A lung
139
If the newborn's pulse is less than 100 you will provide ventilations at a rate of
40 - 60 minute.
140
You will provide chest compressions at a rate of
120/minute if the heart rate is less than 60 per minute.
141
Polyuria
excessive urine production
142
Polydipsia
excessive thirst
143
Polyphagia
excessive hunger
144
-paresis
Weakness
145
-plegia
paralysis
146
Diazepam (Valium) and Rohypnol (flunitrazepam a.k.a. "roofies") are
benzodiazepines. will not be reversed by naloxone.
147
Orthostatic hypotension occurs when a patient moves from a
recumbent or sitting position to a standing position.
148
Emphysema and chronic bronchitis are the most common conditions that make up
Copd
149
As a result of hypoxia the pulse and respiratory rate will
Increase
150
Ventricular fibrillation is a
Pulseless , chaotic, disorganized rhythm that does not cause compression of the heart's chambers.
151
Ventricular tachycardia is a
rapid but organized heart rate which prevents the ventricles from filling enough between beats to allow for the blood flow to meet the demands of the body.
152
Atrial fibrillation is when the atria beat in
disorganized fashion but a pulse is still present.
153
Emphysema is a disease that dramatically reduces the
surface area for gas exchange when the alveolar walls break down and the lungs eventually lose elasticity. This causes air trapping and a barrel chest appearance.
154
Cardiac tamponade also called pericardial tamponade
Compression of the heart due to pericardial effusion (the build-up of pericardial fluid in the sac around the heart).[2] Onset may be rapid or gradual.[2] Symptoms typically include those of obstructive shock including shortness of breath, weakness, lightheadedness, and cough
155
Pulmonary edema is often caused by
congestive heart failure.
Mild to extreme breathing difficulty can occur. Cough, chest pain, and fatigue are other symptoms.
156
What are the symptoms of pulmonary contusion?
Dyspnea (troubled or painful breathing)
• Hypoxemia (deficiency of oxygen in the blood - due to obstructed or malfunctioning lungs)
• Hemoptysis (blood in lungs/expectoration (coughing up) of blood)
• Tachypnea (Rapid, shallow breathing)
157
Pulmonary contusion occurs by
rapid deceleration when the moving chest strikes a fixed object
158
"narcotic" simply means
Sleep induced
159
Aspirin prevent platelets from
(clumping together). Aspirin can prevent heart attacks as well as slow the progression of a heart attack in progress.
160
Pneumothorax is air around or outside
lung. It may result from chest trauma, excess pressure on the lungs or a lung disease, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, cystic fibrosis, tuberculosis or whooping
161
The response to a severe allergic reaction includes the signs and symptoms of shock. You will find an what about P and BP
increased pulse rate and as the anaphylactic reaction worsens, the blood pressure will decrease.
162
Anemia is an abnormally low
Red blood cells
163
Norepinephrine
Treats low blood pressure and heart failure
164
ATROPINE (A troe peen) can help treat many conditions. This medicine is used
reduce saliva and fluid in the respiratory tract during surgery.
165
Beclomethasone is used to help control the symptoms
asthma and improve breathing.
166
Asystole
when your heart's electrical system fails entirely, which causes your heart to stop pumping. It is also known as
"flat-line" or "flat-lining" because of how your heart's electrical activity appears as a flat line on an electrocardiogram.
167
Taking too little insulin will result in
hyperglycemia--not hypoglycemia.
168
tort
civil wrongdoing or proceeding (as opposed to criminal
169
jejunum is the middle section of
Small intestines
170
mandible.
Lower part of jaw
171
maxilla.
Upper part of jaw
172
"superior" means
Towards head
173
"lateral" is to the side, away from
The midline of body
174
"Distal" refers to farther away from the
Torso
175
"anterior"
Front of body
176
-otomy is a suffix that means to
Cut into
177
The venturi mask can deliver a targeted concentration of ?? Used with what ??
30% used with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
178
Pulse oximetry readings can be greatly affected when a patient's extremities are subiect to
Cold
179
The AVPU scale
(Alert, Voice, Pain, Unresponsive)
180
Cincinnati Prehospital Stroke Scale does not include
grip strength. It does include checking for arm drift, facial asymmetry and slurred speech.
181
Oxygen saturation readings from 95 - 91 indicate ??Below 91% is considered significant??
mild hypoxia. Significant hypoxia
182
crepitation.
sound of broken bone ends rubbing together is called
183
In shock the pulse and respirations both
Increase This is an attempt to increase cardiac output and maximize the amount of circulating oxygen.
184
Hypovolemia
Low blood volume
185
Paradoxical motion occurs when a
flail segment of the chest wall moves opposite of the remainder of the chest during breathing.
186
Cardiac tamponade happens when
fluid sac around your heart fills with too much blood or other fluid and puts pressure on your heart. This prevents your heart's chambers from filling properly.
187
In the case of eviscerations, do not attempt to replace organs back inside the body. Instead,
cover all exposed abdominal contents with moist, sterile towels and cover with an occlusive dressing. The intestines, liver, spleen, and stomach are commonly involved in eviscerations.
188
A significant sign of a cardiac tamponade is
hypotension.
The pulse pressure would narrow, not widen.
189
Rule of 9 for burns
Arms worth for burns
Chest
Ads
Legs
9% arm
Chest 9 , abs 9 , each leg 18
190
Hemothorax
collection of blood in the space between the chest wall and the lung
191
How does a hemothorax happen?
the most common cause of hemothorax is trauma. Penetrating injuries of the lungs, heart, great vessels, or chest wall THINK FILLED WITH BLOOD
192
When air leaks into this space, it's called a
pneumothorax;
193
whereas when blood fills this space, it's called a
hemothorax.
194
The GCS is scored between 3 and 15, 3 being the worst and 15 the best. It is composed of three parameters:
It is composed of three parameters: best eye response (E), best verbal response (V), and best motor response (M). The components of the GCS should be recorded individually;
195
The appearance of coffee ground-like blood indicates that
blood is partially digested.
196
Distributive shock is caused by a loss
vascular tone. The blood volume stays relatively consistent
197
three main types of distributive shock are
S, A, N
septic shock, anaphylactic shock, and neurogenic shock. Septic shock refers to the condition where an
infection causes the individual's blood pressure to drop to a dangerously low level.
198
Examples of obstructive shock include
acute pericardial tamponade, tension pneumothorax, pulmonary or systemic hypertension, and congenital or acquired outflow obstructions.
199
Tendons connect muscle
Bone
200
Ligaments connect bone
Bone
201
increase in vascular tone (constricting the vessels) results in an increase in
diastolic blood pressure.
202
Insulin is created in the
Pancreas
203
Urticaria
Hives
204
Types of hallucinations?
LSD, mushrooms Peyton, ketamine, dmt
205
DiaphoresiS
Sweating
206
Epiglottitis happens when the
epiglottis — a small cartilage "lid" that covers the windpipe — swells. The swelling blocks the flow of air into the lungs.
207
An enlargement of the aorta, the main blood vessel that delivers blood to the body, at the level of the abdomen.
Abdominal aortic aneurysm AAA
208
photophobia
abnormal sensitivity to light, especially of the eyes
209
AHA guidelines indicate that a patient found not breathing and without signs of life should first receive a
pulse check.
This is the C - A - B approach.
210
Right atrium pumps to the right ventricle via the ?? want kind of blood ?
Tricuspid value , deoxygenated blood..
211
Right ventricular pump’s deoxygenated blood through which value to where ?
pulmonary semilunar value to the pulmonary arteries (left/right lung) to oxygenate the blood
212
Pulmonary artery means that it’s moving blood
Away from
The heart to the lungs
213
From the left lung blood travels back to
The heart by ?
Pulmonary veins to the left atrium
214
From
The left atrium blood is going to go through what value to what part of the heart ?
Mitral value to the left ventical
215
Left ventricle than passes oxegened blood to what value to where
Aortic semilunar value to the aorta
216
What does the aorta do with the oxygenated blood?
Pumps it to the body
217
Coronary arteries, bring oxygenated blood to
The heart
218
Coronary arteries get blocked what happens
Heart attack
219
After the aorta oxygenates, the upper body deoxygenated blood returns to the right atrium via, lower body is the ?
Superior vena cava ^
Inferior vena cava, Lower body
220
During, what cellular division of the fetus is most rapid and most susceptible to malformation due to poor maternal habits.
the embryonic stage
221
Bulging neck veins is a sign that the heart is not
Pumping right
222
Flat veins would be observed in a severe
anaphylactic reaction.
223
Pre-eclampsia
A potentially dangerous pregnancy complication characterized by high blood pressure.
Pre-eclampsia usually begins after 20 weeks of pregnancy
224
The pneumatic anti-shock garment (PASG) can be used quickly and effectively to immobilize
Pelvis
225
Decreasing blood pressure is a late sign of
shock that indicates this patient is decompensating.
226
Rapid pulse and increased respiratory rate are usually an indication that the patient is in what kind of shock
compensated shock.
227
Shock from a tension pneumothorax is obstructive in nature. shock is not seen until the heart is ?
Is compressed by presser in the plural space
228
According to current American Heart Association standards for ventilation assistance for a patient who is not breathing but still has spontaneous circulation, the appropriate rate of ventilations should be
10-12 per min
229
Blood loss is a clear indication for administertion of what ?
Oxygen administration
230
Agitated delirium occurs in a small number of patients who exhibit abnormal
agitation and combativeness, particularly when being restrained. Respiratory arrest is unusual but can occur.
231
the result of damage to the left side of the heart, blood backs up into the?? This may be auscultated as?
Lungs , crackles or rales in the lungs.
232
When the right side of the heart is in failure and not pumping properly, then fluid backs up in
abdomen, lower extremities (pedal edema), and lower back (sacral edema).
233
The START Triage System uses the "RPM" mnemonic to help identify the specific assessment parameters used to classify patients. What does that stand for
respiratory status, perfusion status, and mental status.
234
Inhalation is accomplished by creating
negative pressure in the chest.
235
Exhalation is accomplished by
raising internal chest pressures.
236
A myocardial infarction is caused by a
blockage in the coronary arteries.
237
pulmonary embolism involved arteries of the
Lungs
238
A deep vein thrombosis usually occurs in the
veins of the leg.
239
cerebral vascular accident occurs in the arteries of the
Brain
240
Alpha 1 and Alpha 2 work in concert with each other to help regulate
vascular smooth muscle tone (causing constriction).
241
Neurogenic shock is the result of uncontrolled dilation of
blood vessels due to nerve paralysis (sometimes caused by spinal-cord injury). In neurogenic shock, blood pools and blood pressure drops because the affected part of the body can no longer provide vascular resistance.
242
nitroglycerin does what to arteries
Dilates
243
A patient on a ventilator should be ventilated immediately, using a
Bvm
244
pulmonary embolism causes the flow of blood to the alveoli to be
Blocked
245
Lung collapse would indicate a
pneumothorax.
246
Ruptured alveoli would indicate traumatic
asphyxia.
247
With young children, it is best to assess from the
outside and work your way in. In this manner, you can gain trust before violating intimate space.
248
Anaerobic metabolism is caused by a deficit of
Oxegan
249
To help assist your paramedic partner when intubating, you may be requested to apply
cricoid pressure.
250
The reason for an occlusive dressing is to prevent the movement of
air through the wound.
251
Open soft tissue injuries to the thigh, lower abdomen, and face can all be treated with
conventional pressure, sterile dressings, and appropriate bandaging.
252
Off-line medical direction is
standing orders issued by the medical director that allow EMTs to give certain medications or perform certain procedures.
253
signs of shock ?
(rapid pulse, pale, cool skin and significant injury).
254
The most accurate method to determine rate in an irregular pulse is to count it over
A full min
255
hemodynamics?
relating to the flow of blood within the organs and tissues of the body.
256
most important concern associated with the external facial burns?
The potential for upper airway edema
257
child exposed to a deploying airbag is at risk for
Head and neck injuries
258
lethargic
A state of weariness that involves diminished energy, mental capacity, and motivation.
259
A rotated foot in the context of hip pain typically indicates
femur fracture at the level of the hip joint.
260
Increased intrathoracic pressure can limit cardiac
filling and decrease cardiac output.
261
The beta-blockers keep pulse rate from
Rising
262
High-velocity weapons such as a
Rifle cause cavitation
263
low-velocity weapons and do not cause cavitation.
Arrows, crossbow bolts, and knives
264
Put a seizure pt in what position
Recovery
265
Chemical agents may be used in a liquid state to cause
burning and damage to the body,
266
The recommended standard for oxygen flow to a pocket face mask is
15 liters
267
JD would be unlikely with
internal bleeding or a ruptured spleen.
268
spinal shock typically does not have a what pulse rate
Tachycardia
269
when a vascular organ is damaged, there may what kind of pain ?
sharp pain but the patient will display signs of internal hemorrhage.
270
Dark-tarry stools, known as
"melena"a common finding in a patient with a Gl bleed.
271
hemoptysis is the coughing up of
Red blood which usually originates in the respiratory system, not the gastrointestinal system.
272
The primary phase of a blast (also known as the pressure wave), damages hollow gas containing organs of the body such as the
lungs, Gl system, inner ears, and sinuses.
273
In many cases a left ventricular assist device (LVAD) will not produce a
palpable pulse.
274
Delayed capillary refill is most likely caused by vasoconstriction of
peripheral blood vessels.
275
The rule of nines states that a child's
back represents 18% of his body surface area. The front and back of both legs each represent 7%, and both a child's anterior and posterior torso would represent 36%. The upper back of an adult would represent 9%.
276
slowing respiratory rate in combination with a decline in mental status is an indication of
respiratory failure.
277
The first intervention (in all but the cardiac arrest patient) is to
secure the airway.
278
An epidural hematoma is nearly always the result of a temporal bone fracture from
blow to the side of the head.
279
subdural hematoma usually occurs after
falls or injuries involving strong deceleration forces.
They are more common than epidural hematomas and may or may not be associated with skull fractures.
280
If stimulated, the parasympathetic nervous system will cause
bradycardia and a decreased force of heart contraction.
281
sympathetic nervous system is involved in the fight-or-flight response. If stimulated, the sympathetic nervous system will release epinephrine and norepinephrine, causing
constriction of blood vessels; pale, cool, and clammy skin; tachycardia; increased force of heart contraction; hypotension;
bronchodilation; and restlessness or agitation.
282
Nitroglycerin is contraindicated in patients who have a systolic blood pressure below
100 mmH, patients with a head injury, patients who have taken erectile dysfunction medications within the previous 48 hours, and patients who have already taken their maximum dose
283
Negligence is the failure to provide
care that a person with similar training would provide in the same or a similar situation.
284
unlawful placement of a person in fear of immediate bodily harm is ?
Assault
285
unlawful touching of a person, including providing emergency care without
consent.
Battery
286
SOAP stands for
subjective, objective, assessment, and patient care.
287
An objective statement or finding (sign) can be
seen, heard, felt, smelled, or measured.
288
Referred pain is perceived at a location
other than the site of the painful stimulus/ origin.
289
Vesicular breath sounds are considered
normal and do not indicate any form of respiratory inadequacy, distress, or failure.
290
Adventitious breath sounds, nasal flaring, and inadequate chest expansion are all indicators of
inadequate breathing.
291
dysphagia?
difficulty swallowing or eating, depending on the context.
292
For a responsive infant who is choking, perform the following steps:
Hold the infant facedown with the body resting on your forearm, supporting the jaw and face with your hand. Keep the head lower than the rest of the body.
2. Deliver 5 back blows between the shoulder blades, using the heel of your hand.
3. Place your free hand behind the infant's head and turn the infant face-up on your other arm, keeping the head lower than the rest of the body.
4. Give 5 quick chest thrusts in the same location and manner as the chest compressions; using 2 fingers on the lower part of the sternum.
5. Check the airway- if you can see a foreign body, then remove it. Do not perform blind finger sweeps. If you cannot see the object, repeat the cycle as many times as needed.
6. If the infant becomes unresponsive, begin CPR.
293
Aphasia is
loss of the ability to understand or express speech.
294
Agnosia
an inability to speak effectively when asked to name or describe an object.
295
Dysarthria
difficulty speaking caused by brain damage or brain changes from pathological conditions.
296
Aphagia
inability to swallow.
297
the iliac arteries supply blood to
groin, pelvis, and legs. As the iliac arteries continue to progress inferiorly, they become the femoral arteries.
298
THREAT Means
Threat suppression
• Hemorrhage control
• Rapid Extrication to safety
• Assessment by medical providers
• Transport to definitive care
299
Active rewarming is used for patients with
severe hypothermia
300
The symptoms of cardiac tamponade are referred to as Beck's triad:
bilateral distended jugular veins, narrowing pulse pressure (i.e., a small difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressure), and muffled heart sounds.
Altered mental status is common.
301
Somnolence
(drowsiness) is not a common sign of AMI.
302
Supine hypotensive syndrome occurs when a pregnant patient
lies supine and the pregnant uterus compresses the inferior vena cava. The blood return to the heart is decreased, resulting in subsequent hypotension. Because of this risk, any patient in the third trimester of pregnancy should be positioned on the left side during transport. The condition can cause pallor, tachycardia, sweating, nausea, and dizziness.
303
Epinephrine via metered-dose inhaler can cause
tachycardia, hypertension, and restlessness.
304
Bradypnea is an ominous sign of impending
respiratory arrest in a pediatric patient.
Bradycardia also affects pediatric patients with impending cardiopulmonary arrest.
Red flags are respiratory rates below 20
breaths/minute for children younger than 6 years of age and below 12 breaths/minute for older children.
305
Strong central pulses are a good indication that a child is not
hypotensive and their blood pressure is adequate.
306
Stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system will produce
constricted blood vessels causing pale, cool, clammy skin; tachycardia; increased force of heart contraction; and bronchodilation).
307
Pulmonary edema is the most common reason for
Cpap administration.
308
CpAP is indicated for patients experiencing respiratory distress (e.g., from
COPD, asthma, or pneumonia).
309
Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV), bronchiolitis, and pneumonia are considered high or low respiratory infections
Lower airway
310
Cystic fibrosis is a disease that affects the
Lower airways and is caused by genetic factors, not an infection.
311
bleeding is dark red and flows steadily from a wound.
Venous
312
bleeding is dark red and oozes steadily but slowly from wounds.
Capillary
313
The suctioning unit should have at least
300 mg
314
the most common sign of cardiac compromise in a geriatric female patient is
Weakness
315
JVD is usually a sign of
heart failure, which often involves high blood pressure.
316
airway swelling and systemic hypotension is alpha what ??
1
2
317
bronchoconstriction affects beta ?
2
318
Beta ?? effect of epi causes an increase in cardiac heart rate and force of contraction which may be detrimental should the patient not be oxygenating the myocardium well.
1
319
Larynx =
Apples apple
320
The most serious complication resulting from a large abrasion is
Infections
321
Decreasing blood pressure is a late sign of shock that indicates this patient is
Decomposing
322
Rapid pulse and increased respiratory rate are usually an indication that the patient is in what shock
Compensate shock
323
Cardiac tissue is perfused by the
Coronary arteries
324
The START criteria for non-ambulatory patients assess respiration, pulse, and mental status.
Those who have a respiratory rate of < 10 or > 30, a pulse of > 100, or altered mental status are tagged as
Red or immediately
325
The tooth should be rinsed immediately with
A lot of water
326
The risk of internal bleeding is much greater with an injury to what kind of organs
Solid
327
Tachycardia and normal blood pressure can occur in what shock.
psychogenic
328
Bradycardia, hypotension, and possible neck injury are common in what shock.
neurogenic
329
what shock may cause itching, a rash, vascular dilation, and/or generalized edema; it can progress rapidly and cause death.
Anaphylactic
330
Nitroglycerin is highly beneficial when used for patients with
Pulmonary edema
331
hypertensive emergency is defined as systolic blood pressure greater than
180 mmhg
332
Cool, clammy skin is a sign of
Low blood pressure
333
Cool, moist skin is a sign of
Hypoglycemia
334
Whenever there is any kind of fluid (blood, vomit, heavy secretions, etc) in the airway of the spontaneously breathing patient, it will create a what sound ?
Gargling
335
What sounds are from severe blockage of the airway at the level of the vocal cords.
Stridor
336
What sounds are consistent with the tongue that has fallen into the posterior pharynx and is blocking the airway.
sonorous
337
"a reduced amount of blood flow" usually when ischemia develops ?
Hypropfusion
338
transient ischemic event symptoms will go away
Fast
339
Flushed skin is often an indication of
Heat overexposure
340
Heat stock temp and sweating
106 or above and stop sweating
341
Which of the following is the appropriate way to remedy a documentation error?
Draw a single horizontal line through the error, initial and date the error, and add the correct information
342
The sniffing position indicates that a patient, typically a child, is having
Difficulty breathing
343
Unstable angina is often a sign of an impending
Heart attack
344
A valve that allows air to pass into the trachea but prevents food and liquid from entering
epiglottis
345
accumulation of sugar in the bloodstream due to a lack of insulin.
Hyperglycemia
346
spinal shock typically does not have a pulse rate.
tachycardic
347
JVD indicate a
tension pneumothorax.
348
A rotated foot in the context of hip pain typically indicates a
Femur fracture
349
Posturing would be a sign of
Brain injury
350
The beta-blockers keep what from increasing.
pulse rate
351
The patient's altered mental status and inadequate breathing would prevent the use of ?? Go with requiring moving
Stair chair, Reeves
352
What causes the flow of blood to the alveoli to be blocked.
Pulmonary embolism
353
Placenta previa occurs during the what trimester
3
354
What is caused by a blockage in the coronary arteries.
myocardial infarction
