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Paramedic Review (kp) > EMT205 Key Terms > Flashcards

EMT205 Key Terms Flashcards

1
Q

*absorption

A

the process by which drug molecules are moved from the site of entry into the body into the general circulation

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2
Q

acetylcholine

A

a neurotransmitter, widely distributed in body tissues, with the primary function of mediating the synaptic activity of the nervous system

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3
Q

adrenergic

A

of or pertaining to the sympathetic nerve fibers of the autonomic nervous system, which use epinephrine or epinephrine-like substances as neurotransmitters

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4
Q

*agonists

A

drugs that combine with receptors and initiate the expected response

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5
Q

alpha-adrenergic receptor

A

any one of the postulated adrenergic components of receptor tissues that responds to norepinephrine and to various blocking agents

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6
Q

*antagonists

A

agents designed to inhibit or counteract the effects of other drugs or undesired effects caused by normal or hyperactive physiological mechanisms

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7
Q

anticholinergic

A

of or pertaining to the blocking of acetylcholine receptors, resulting in inhibition of transmission of parasympathetic nerve impulses

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8
Q

beta-adrenergic receptor

A

any of the postulated adrenergic components of receptor tissues that respond to epinephrine and various blocking agents

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9
Q

*biological half-life

A

the time required to metabolize or eliminate half of the total amount of a drug in the body

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10
Q

biotransformation

A

the process by which a drug is converted chemically to metabolite

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11
Q

*blood-brain barrier

A

an anatomical-physiological feature of the brain thought to consist of walls of capillaries in the central nervous system and surrounding glial membranes; its function is to prevent or slow the passage of chemical compound from the blood into the central nervous system

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12
Q

*chemical name

A

the exact designation of a chemical structure as determined by the rules of chemical nomenclature (example: “1,2,3-Trinitroxypropane”)

This is almost never used to identify the drug in a clinical environment

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13
Q

cholinergic

A

of or pertaining to the effects produced by the parasympathetic nervous system or drugs that simulate or antagonize the parasympathetic nervous system

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14
Q

*contraindications

A

medical or physiological factors that make it harmful to administer a medication that would otherwise have a therapeutic effect

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15
Q

*controlled substances

A

any drug defined in the categories of the Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act (aka the Controlled Substances Act) of 1970

Examples include: midazolam, lorazepam, diazepam, ketamine, morphine, fentanyl, codeine, and more

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16
Q

cumulative action

A

the effect that occurs when several doses of a drug are administered or when absorption occurs more quickly than removal by excretion or metabolism or both

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17
Q

distribution

A

the transport of a drug through the bloodstream to various tissues of the body and ultimately to its site of action

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18
Q

*drug interaction(s)

A

modification of the effects of one drug by the previous or concurrent administration of another drug, thereby increasing or diminishing the pharmacological or physiological action of one or both drugs (e.g. Calcium Chloride and Sodium Bicarbonate should NEVER be mixed in the same IV line)

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19
Q

drug receptors

A

parts of a cell with which a drug molecule interacts to trigger its desired response or effect

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20
Q

*dystonia

A

a condition characterized by local or diffuse changes in muscle tone, resulting in painful muscle spasms, unusually fixed postures, and strange movement patterns

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21
Q

effective dose 50 (ED50)

A

the amount of drug that produces a therapeutic response in 50% of those who take it

22
Q

*effector organ

A

a muscle or gland that responds to nerve impulses from the central nervous system

23
Q

endorphin

A

any of several peptides secreted in the brain that have a pain-relieving effect like morphine

24
Q

*excretion

A

the elimination of toxic or inactive metabolites, primarily by the kidneys; the intestines, lungs, and mammary, sweat, and salivary glands also may be involved

25
Q

*first-pass metabolism

A

the initial biotransformation of a drug during passage through the liver from the portal vein that occurs before the drug reaches the general circulation

26
Q

*generic name

A

the official, established name assigned to a drug (example: “nitroglycerin”)

27
Q

idiopathic

A

arising from an obscure or unknown cause

28
Q

idiosyncrasy

A

an abnormal or peculiar response to a drug

29
Q

*loading dose

A

a large quantity of drug that temporarily exceeds the capacity of the body to excrete the drug

30
Q

*maintenance dose

A

the amount of a drug required to keep a desired steady state of drug concentration in tissues

31
Q

neurotransmitter

A

a chemical that is released from one neuron at the presynaptic nerve fiber

32
Q

nonselective beta-blocking agents

A

agents that block beta(1)- and beta(2)-receptor sites

33
Q

*official name

A

the name of a drug that is followed by the initials USP (United States Pharmacopeia) or NF (National Formulary), denoting its listing in one of the official publications; usually the same as the generic name (example: “Nitroglycerine Sublingual Tablets, USP”)

34
Q

orphan drug

A

a medication that has been developed specifically to treat a rare medical condition

35
Q

*parenteral

A

of or pertaining to any medication route other than the alimentary canal (aka gastrointestinal tract)

36
Q

partial reabsorption

A

the reabsorption from the renal tubule by passive diffusion

37
Q

*pharmaceutics

A

the science of dispensing drugs

38
Q

*pharmacodynamics

A

the study of how a drug acts on a living organism

39
Q

*pharmacokinetics

A

the study of how the body handles a drug over a period of time, including the processes of absorption, distribution, biotransformation, and excretion

40
Q

placebo

A

an inactive substance or a less than effective dose of a harmless substance; it is used in experimental drug studies to compare the effects of the inactive substance with those of the experimental drug

41
Q

*placental barrier

A

a protective biological membrane that separates the blood vessels of the mother and the fetus

42
Q

potentiation

A

enhancement of the effect of a drug, caused by concurrent administration of two drugs in which one drug increases the effect of the other

43
Q

selective beta-blocking agents

A

agents block beta(1) or beta(2) receptors

44
Q

summation

A

the combined effects of two drugs that equal the sum of the individual effects of each agents

45
Q

synergism

A

the combined action of two drugs that is greater than the sum of each agent acting independently

46
Q

*tardive dyskinesia

A

a potentially irreversible neurological disorder characterized by involuntary repetitious movements of the muscles of the face, limbs, and trunk

47
Q

*therapeutic action

A

the desired, intended action of a drug

48
Q

*therapeutic index (TI)

A

a measurement of the relative safety of a drug

49
Q

therapeutic range

A

the range of plasma concentrations that is most likely to produce the desired drug effect with the least likelihood of toxicity; the range between minimal effective concentration and toxic level

50
Q

*tolerance

A

a physiological response that requires that a drug dosage by increased to produce the same effect formerly produced by a smaller dose

51
Q

*trade name

A

the trademark name of a drug, designated by the drug company that sells the medication (example: Nitrostat)

Paramedic Review (kp) (9 decks)

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