End of Semester - Review Quiz Flashcards
Which of the below is the best definition of psychology?
? Study of the mind.
? Study of behaviour.
? Scientific study of behaviour and mental processes.
? Scientific study of the mind.
Scientific study of behaviour and mental processes.
What is the ‘fundamental problem’ of psychology?
? It is not as good as sociology.
? It can’t understand the mind.
? How to make inferences about behaviour we cannot directly observe.
? It’s psychology – that’s the problem!
How to make inferences about behaviour we cannot directly observe.
Yes, much interesting human behaviour is covert (internal mental processes) and we try to make valid and reliable inferences about these behaviours.
Social psychology studies:
? how social interaction has evolved.
? people’s personalities.
? the influence that people have on each other.
? groups.
the influence that people have on each other.
social psychology is about social influence.
The ___________________ perspective holds that anxiety stems from unconscious / intrapsychic conflicts over opposing forces (of ‘life’ and ‘death’).
Psychoanalytic
“We are individuals who resist being categorized – each of us is unique; psychology must recognize the importance and goodness of each person’s individuality.” This quote is likely from a ________________________ theorist.
humanistic
Yes, we’re talking ‘goodness’ and ‘uniqueness’ and ‘individuality’ here.
The pseudoscience that holds that you can tell a person’s personality and predict future behaviours (e.g. criminality) by the shape of his/her head is known as:
? Psychoanalytic theory.
? Astrology.
? Physiognomy.
? Phrenology.
Physiognomy.
Yes. A pseudoscience is likely to mould facts to shape its theories rather than the other way around (as science does).
The amazing case of Phineas Gage illustrates:
? a hole in the head never did anyone any harm.
? that a hole in the head does do people harm.
? specialisation of brain-behaviour functions.
? that areas of the brain have equi-potentiality with respect to function.
specialisation of brain-behaviour functions.
this is what the cases of Phineas Gage, HM and aphasias demonstrated.
What is meant when it is stated that the biological perspective is ‘reductionistic’?
? It reduces students to trembling jelly.
? The ‘large picture’ of human behaviour is the subject of study.
? Experimentally reducing the size of the brain has a dramatic effect on behaviour.
? Even complex human behaviour can be ‘reduced’ to ‘simple’ biological processes.
Even complex human behaviour can be ‘reduced’ to ‘simple’ biological processes.
Which of statement below is true?
? Expressive aphasia is associated with Broca’s area.
? Receptive aphasia is associated with Wernicke’s area.
X No, it’s the other way around, isn’t it?
It’s the other way around.
When you’re falling in lerv and the radio is ‘playing your song’, what is that warm, gushy feeling you experience?
? an Unconditioned Response (UCR)
? an Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS)
? a Conditioned Response (CR)
? a Conditioned Stimulus (CS)
a Conditioned Response (CR)
John Watson conditioned poor Little Albert to fear white rats by pairing a white rat with a loud noise. After he was conditioned, white rat was:
? an unconditioned stimulus.
? an unconditioned response.
? a conditioned stimulus.
? a conditioned response.
a conditioned stimulus.
A parent gives a rampaging toddler a Kinder Surprise in the supermarket to make it go quiet. From the parent’s perspective, the chocolate treat is:
? positive reinforcement.
? punishment.
? negative reinforcement.
? b and c.
negative reinforcement.
You want to train your dog, Mal, to tap dance so that he can star in a movie. What learning approach would you use?
? Premack’s Principle.
? Graded exposure.
? Shaping.
? A combination of physical punishment and ‘time-out’.
Shaping.
you would be rewarding successive approximations to the desired behaviour (tapping like Tap Dogs).
Marta watches her Mum praise Jim, Marta’s older brother, for drying the dishes. Marta is a bit jealous and decides she will dry the dishes tomorrow. In the language of social learning theory she has just:
? learned by vicarious experience.
? experienced a powerful emotion.
? learned by direct experience.
? started to idolise Jim.
learned by vicarious experience.
Yes, social learning theory is about learning from observation. It helps that Jim was rewarded for the observed behaviour.
A person with a ‘poor memory’ may have trouble:
? with acquisition or encoding information.
? storing information.
? retrieving information.
? all of the above.
all of the above.
The tip of the tongue phenomenon is due to difficulty in ____________________ long term memory
? encoding to
? recognition in
? rehearsal in
? retrieval from
retrieval from
Tying a piece of string around your finger to remind you to do something is an example of:
? a very dangerous practice that can lead to poor circulation and possible amputation of the digit.
? a mnemonic.
? a very dangerous practice that can lead to poor circulation and possible amputation of the digit.
? I can’t remember.
a mnemonic.
When you started your degree perhaps you were confident of graduating because you are hardworking, at least as intelligent as the average student and otherwise a determined person. Such traits are aspects of your:
? Ideal self.
? Self-schema.
? Ego.
? Ought-self.
Self-schema.
these are your self cognitions.
Having a reduced level of self-awareness:
? Can make a person feel good.
? Is a key component in deindividuation.
? Leads to an intensification of emotions.
? Is a consequence of success.
Is a key component in deindividuation.
The term ‘self-handicapping’ refers to:
? seeking some cause other than yourself to account for an anticipated failure.
? consciously sabotaging yourself by not performing up to your potential.
? underperforming to gain sympathy and affection.
? ‘handicapping’ yourself by making things more difficult, like a race horse is handicapped by putting lead in the saddle.
seeking some cause other than yourself to account for an anticipated failure.
spreading excuses beforehand.
When stereotypes are attributed to a particular group, the stereotype may induce members of that group to act in ways that confirm the stereotype. This is known as:
? discrimination.
? reverse discrimination.
? a self-fulfilling prophecy.
? the interdependent view of self.
a self-fulfilling prophecy.
Another appropriate answer would be ‘stereotype threat’.
