Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Final Flashcards > Endo/Restorative > Flashcards

Endo/Restorative Flashcards

(83 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What three criteria must be fufilled before the root canal system of a tooth can be obturated?

A

* Asymptomatic, not TTP

* The canal must be able to be dried

* Full biomechanical cleaning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Give the steps used in a pulpotomy

A

* Remove all caries

*Cut access cavity into pulp chamber

*Remove roof of pulp chamber

*Arrest bleeding from root canal orifices using ferric sulphate

*Ferric sulphate saturated CWP packed into pulp chamber and left for 3-4 minutes

*Check for haemostasis. If not achieved, repeat. If still not achieved, consider pulpectomy/extraction

*Remove CWP

*Fill pulp chamber with thick mix of ZOE

*Restore tooth with SSC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Give the steps used in a pulpectomy

A

*Remove caries

*Cut access cavity

*Clean canals with k-file. Stopper set at 2mm short of WL

*Irrigate canals

*Dry canals with paper points

*Deliver vitapex into canals (stopper set on delivery system at 2mm short of WL)

*Fill pulp chamber with thick mix of ZOE

*Restore tooth with SSC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Give 3 constituents of GP in addition to gutta percha

A

Zinc oxide. Radiopacifiers. Plasticisers.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the function of a root canal sealer when used with GP cones?

A

Fills voids and irregularities in canal, lateral canals and between GP points. Seals space between dentinal wall and core. Lubricates during obturation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Give three generic types of sealer that are commonly used in root canal obturation

A

Zinc oxide eugenol

Glass ionomer

Epoxy resin sealers

Calcium silicate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What concerns do patients commonly have about the use of amalgam?

A

* Aesthetics

* Discolouration of teeth

* Mercury poisoning

*Affects foetal development in pregnancy

* Environmental impact

* Radiotransmitter

* Metal allergies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

State what reassurance you could give a patient about the safety of amalgam

A

* 350-400 surface amalgam restorations required to induce a mercury response

* Amalgam is a compound with other elements and therefore more stable than elemental mercury

* It is a historic material that has been used for many many years

* The practice has a safe waste disposal system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What aspects of cavity preparation ensure caries is adequately removed?

A

* Remove the enamel to identify the maximal extent of the lesion at the ADJ and smooth the enamel margins

* Progressively remove peripheral caries in dentine from the ADJ first, then circumferentially deeper only then remove deep caries over the pulp

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What aspects of cavity preparation ensure the finished restoration margins are cleansable?

A

No overhangs

Smooth margins

Smooth occlusal surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Describe the mechanism by which resin composite bonds to enamel

A

Micromechanical retention of composite to enamel after acid etch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Describe the mechanism by which resin composite bonds to dentine

A

Removal of the smear layer (1-5 microns), decalcifies dentine to expose the collagen network

Dentine coupling agent; hydrophillic end sticks to dentine through penetration and micromechanical retention into dentine tubules and exposed collagen. Hydrophobic end bonds to the resin in the adhesive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the ideal properties of a denture base?

A

Dimensionally accurate

High softening temperature

High hardness/abraision resistance

High thermal conductivity

Non toxic

Biocompatible

High proportional limit

High transverse strength

High fatigue strength

High impact strength

Easy/inexpensive to manufacture/repair

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the constitutes of PMMA

A

Powder; Benzoyl peroxide (initiator), PMMA particles, Plasticisors, pigments, co-polymer

Liquid - Methacrylate monomer (polymerises), hydroquinone (inhibitor), co-polymer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Give four possible faults during production of acrylic denture and why they occur

A

Contraction porosity; too much monomer, insufficient pressure, insufficient excess material

Gaseous porosity; monomer boiling in bulkier parts of the denture

Granularity - not enough monomer

Crazing - internal stresses due to fast cooling rate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Give four advantages to using co/cr as a denture base

A

Less bulky

High YM (rigid)

High thermal conductivity

Radiopaque

High softening temperature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Give two disadvantages to co/cr as a denture base

A

More difficult to make

More expensive to make

More difficult to add teeth

Aesthetics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What undercuts are required for clasps of ss, gold and co/cr?

A

ss 0.75mm

gold 0.5mm

co/cr 0.25mm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the ideal properties of an impression material?

A

Low viscocity

High wettability

High tear strenght

100% elastic recovery

Biocompatible

Not unpleasant taste/smell

Convenient working and setting times

Dimensionally stable

Compatible with cast material

Inexpensive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Name 2 non elastic impression materials

A

Impression compound

Impression paste

ZOE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Name 4 elastomers

A

Polyether (impregum)

Silicones (addition and condensation)

Polysulphide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Name 2 hydrocolloids

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are the constituents of Alginate?

A

Sodium alginate

Calcium sulphate

Trisodium phosphate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What is the setting reaction of alginate?
Sodium alginate + calcium sulphate = sodium sulphate and calcium alginate
26
Give 2 advantages and 2 disadvantages of alginate
Nearly elastic Accuracy ok Easy to use Acceptable taste and smell Non toxic Cheap Poor tear strength Storage; syneresis and imbibition
27
Give 3 advantages of elastomeric impression materials over alginate
Better accuracy Better tear strength Better surface detail reproduction Better impression life - doesnt dry out Limited permanent deformation
28
What is the composition of GI?
Powder; silica, aluminia, calcium fluoride, aluminium fluoride Liquid; Polyacrylic acid (forms matrix), tartaric acid (ease of use)
29
What is the setting reaction of GI?
Acid-base reaction 1. Dissolution - acid splits and realeases hydrogen 2. Gelation - calcium ions form crosslinks, bivalent 3. Hardening - aluminium forms trivalent bonds Setting takes 30 minutes to 7 days
30
Give four uses for GIC
Luting cement Temp restoration Definitive restoration Lining material Fissure sealant
31
Give 4 properties of GIC
Fluoride release Chemical bond Low solubility/insoluble Poor aesthetics Mechanical properties ok Handling good in moisture Thermal expansion similar to dentine
32
How can a hypochlorite accident be prevented?
Careful preop radiographic assessment - ensure no open apices Provide apron and eye protection Dental dam Use chlorhexidine to check integrety of dam Ensure all syringes are labelled correctly Don't use LA; to assess if there is a perforation Pre endo tooth build up, build up walls of fractured teeth Do not wedge needle into canal Silicone stopper on needle 2mm short of WL Depress plunger with index finger rather than thumb
33
What are the options for replacing a central incisor fractured to the gingival margin at short notice?
Adhesive cantilever with fractured tooth as pontic Provisional overdenture Provisional post crown Vacuum formed splint with tooth
34
Name 3 post materials
Gold NiCr Ceramic Titanium Carbon fibre (not in anterior teeth) SS (temporary only)
35
Give 6 methods for removing a fractured post
ultrasonic vibration Masseran kit Cut out for fibre posts Stieglitz forceps Eggler post remover Sliding hammer
36
What are the 6 clinical signs of erosion?
Loss of surface detail Smooth or polished surfaces Cupping (preferential dentine wear) Raised restorations above tooth surfaces Translucent incisal edges
37
What are four indications for the size of a post?
4-5mm GP remaining Post \<1/3 of root width Post to crown ratio \>1:1 At least half of the post length into the subcrestal root 1mm of circumfrential dentine/root
38
What materials can be used to cement a post?
GI luting cement Composite resin luting cement
39
What are some causative factors of erosion?
Extrinsic - diet (carbonated drinks/alcohol/highly acidic foods) alcohol containing mw, asthma inhaler Intrinsic - GORD, builimia nervosa, persistent vomitting
40
Pt congenitally missing 22, 23. Give problem relating to aesthetics
Pt may be being teased due to gap Pt may be psychologically affected by missing teeth
41
What 3 general things would a GDP check before referring pt re replacement of congenitally missing teeth?
Periodontal status Smoking status Diabetes Osteoperosis Bisphosphonates Blood clotting disorder
42
Signs and symptoms of reversible pulpitis?
Short, sharp pain (A beta and A delta fibres, hydrodynamic microleakage stimulation) Stops when stimulus is removed Not TTP Pain to cold Well localised
43
How is reversible pulpitis managed?
Removal of caries, other causative factors, restore
44
Signs and symptoms of irriversable pulpitis
Lingering pain after removal of stimulus Dull ache (c-fibres) Spontaneous pain Sleep distrupted Pain with heat More generalised pain
45
How is irreversible pulpitis mangaed?
RCT/extract
46
Patient had large composite placed due to secondary caries. Pt still having sensitivity a week later, give reasons for transient sensitivity to thermal stimulus/biting
Insufficient cooling on prep Uncured resins entering pulp Pulp exposure Fluid from tubules occupying space under restoration Restoration high Abraision Gingival recession Perio disease Acid erosion - GORD Dental bleaching Smoking Bruxism Deep cavity
47
Give 5 restorative management features to prevent post comp placement pain
Application of strontium TP Provide pt with splint Check occlusion HPT Gingival augmentation Application of F varnish 22,600ppmF Use lining RMGI/vitrebond Pulp cap Indirect restoration Stepwise excavation
48
Pt has gold post and core that has debonded several times, give potential reasons why
Post fractured Core fractured Root fractured at post level when not attributed to trauma Untreatable caries Traumatic fracture Furcation perforation Inadequate moisture control
49
How is erosive toothwear managed?
Removal of cause; diet advice, ohi High fluoride TP Cover sensitive exposed dentine with seal and protect, GI, composite Rule out medical cause, treat GORD, refer to GP Recommend use of straws
50
What factors does an implantologist consider before placing an implant?
Smoking status Bone quality and quantitiy OH Pt motivation Occlusion Aesthetics
51
52
What bone dimensions are required for an implant?
1.5mm horizontal bone round implant 3mm between implants \>5mm space for the papilla between bone crest and contact point Assessed with CBCT 7mm spacing 2mm from adjacent structures ie sinus/IAC
53
How can you check if a brigde has debonded?
Probe Check visually Check mobility Push and check for air bubbles Floss
54
What factors should be taken into consideration before placing a bridge?
Occlusion Parafunction Length of span Abutment health - caries/perio OH Quality of enamel
55
RMGI liner vs GI liner?
On demand set Higher mechanical strength Lower solubility
56
What are four properties of GI?
Fluoride release Chemical bond low solubility/insoluble Mechanical properties ok Handling good in moisture Thermal expansion similar to dentine Poor aesthetics
57
What are the five designs of pontic and retainer?
Wash through pontic, Dome pontic Modified ridge lap pontic Full saddle pontic Ovate pontic
58
In fixed pros treatment planning, give the order of carrying out an examination
E/O; TMJ MoM Lymph nodes Symmetry Lips (vermillion border, commissures, smile line) I/O STE; buccal mucosa, tongue, FoM, palate, lips BPE Teeth; Missing, restorations, caries Occlusion; Excursions, canine guidance, group function, interarch space, intertooth space
59
What special investigations are taken into consideration in the planning of fixed pros treatment?
Sensibility testing (EPT, ECl) Radiographs; caries, restorability, pathology, bone levels, restorations, abutment teeth Study models Facebow Diagnostic wax up Additional; diet diary, PGI, Full mouth perio chart, Clinical photos, microbiology, biopsy, haematology
60
Run through the order of treatment planning
IMMEDIATE Relief of acute symptoms Consider endo/extractions Consider immediate denture/bridge INITIAL (DISEASE CONTROL) Extraction of hopeless teeth OHI and diet advice HPT Management of carious lesions and defective restorations with direct or provisional restorations Endo Denture design, wax up for fixed pros RE-EVALUATION Re-assessment of perio status, confirm denture/bridge design RECONSTRUCTIVE Perio surgery Fixed and removable pros MAINTENANCE Supportive perio care and review of restorations
61
62
When should veneers not be considered?
Poor OH High caries rate Interproximal caries/unsound restorations Gingival recession Root exposure High lip line Extensive prep Labially positioned, severe rotation, overlap Extensive TSL/insufficient bonding area Heavy occlusal contacts Severe discolouration
63
What are the indications for inlays/onlays?
Tooth wear cases (increase OVD) Fractured cusps Restoration of root treated teeth Replace failed direct restorations
64
What are the contraindications for inlays/onlays
Active caries/perio disease Time constraints Cost
65
Indications for crowns
Protect weakened tooth structure To improve or restore aesthetics For use as a retainer for fixed bridgework When indicated by the design of an RPD (rest seats, guide planes, clasps) To restore tooth funtion
66
Contraindications for crowns
Active caries/perio disease More conservative options are available Lack of tooth tissue for preparation Unable to provide post and core Unfavourable occlusion
67
Indications for bridges
Aesthetics Occlusal stability (prevent tilting or over eruption of adjacent/opposing teeth) Restore function (mastication, speech, wind instrument players) Perio splinting Restoring OVD Pt preference
68
What discussion should be had with a patient for informed consent for fixed pros?
invasiveness/reversibility Likely longeviy and success rates Time involved Cost Alernative options What treatmnet involves Why it's necessary Consequences of no treatment
69
What is an abutment
tooth which seves as an attachement for a bridge
70
What is a pontic
The artificial tooth which is suspended from the abutment tooth/teeth
71
What is a retainer?
The extra or intracoronal restorations that are connected to the pontic and cemented to the prepared abutment tooth
72
What is a connector?
Component which connects the pontic to the retainer
73
What is the edentulous span?
Space between natural teeth that is likely to be filled by a bridge or partial denture
74
What is a saddle?
Area of the edentulous ridge over which the pontic will lie
75
What is a pier
An abutment tooth which stands between and is supporting two pontics, each pontic being attached to a further abutment tooth
76
What are some advantages of a conventional bridge?
Robust design Max retention and strength Abutment teeth splinted together (perio cases) Can be used in longer spans Lab construction straight forward
77
What are some disadvantages of conventional bridges?
Difficult prep (parallel prep needed) Must be minimally tapered Common path of insertion Requires removal of tooth tissue
78
What gingival clearance is needed for an adheive abutment?
0.5mm
79
What are the requirements of an adhesive abutment?
Ideally sound enamel Composite is ok, consider replacing prior to prep Amalgam; compromised bond to chemically cured composite cement. Consider replacing Retainer wing should be 0.7mm thick
80
What is the 5 year survival rate for bridges?
Depending on design 80-95%
81
What materials can be used in the manufacture of bridges?
All metal (gold, Nickel, co/cr) Metal-ceramic All ceramic (zirconia, lithium disilicate) Ceromeric (BelleGlass)
82
What materials are used in the cementation of bridges/crowns?
All metal or metal ceramic; aquacem (gi luting cement) or Rely-x (RMGI) Adhesive/resin bonded; Panavia (anaerobic dual cure resin cement) All ceramic (NEXUS; dual cure resin cement)
83
What 'rules' apply to distal cantilever bridges?
Avoid if possible Concern that occlusal forces on pontic will produce leverge forces on abutment tooth causing it to tilt May consider distal cantilever from premolar abutment if unopposed or opposed by denture

Final Flashcards (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions