Endocine System

Question 1

signaling molecules move between adjacent cells via membrane pores.

Answer 1

direct cell-to-cell communication

Question 2

nervous system, very localized, quick, short term

Answer 2

synaptic cell-to-cell communication

Question 3

cell communicates wit itself

e.g. cancer

Answer 3

autocrine cell-to-cell communication

Question 4

cell communicates with neighboring cells through ISF

Answer 4

paracrine cell-to-cell communication

Question 5

autocrine signal travels through?

Answer 5

interstitial fluid (ISF)

Question 6

paracrine signal travels through?

Answer 6

interstitial fluid (ISF)

Question 7

endocrine signal travels through?

Answer 7

blood

Question 8

autocrine target?

Answer 8

same cell

Question 9

paracrine target?

Answer 9

neighboring cell

Question 10

endocrine target?

Answer 10

cells w/ receptors for that hormone anywhere in body

Question 11

autocrine range of action?

Answer 11

local

Question 12

paracrine range of action?

Answer 12

local

Question 13

endocrine range of action?

Answer 13

systemic

Question 14

releases hormones into blood

Answer 14

secreting cells

Question 15

binds to receptor on target cell

Answer 15

hormone

Question 16

neuron&raquo_space;> axon&raquo_space;> target cell

Answer 16

neural communication

Question 17

cell&raquo_space;> hormone&raquo_space;> blood&raquo_space;> hormone&raquo_space;> target cell

Answer 17

endocrine communication

Question 18

cell&raquo_space;> hormone&raquo_space;> ISF&raquo_space;> cell

Answer 18

autocrine communication

Question 19

cell&raquo_space;> hormone&raquo_space;> ISF&raquo_space;> target cell

Answer 19

paracrine communication

Question 20

external secretions, extracellular effects, secretions via ducts

Answer 20

exocrine glands

Question 21

no ducts, capillaries for uptake of hormones into bloodstream, intracellular effects

Answer 21

endocrine glands

Question 22

nervous system form of communication?

Answer 22

electrical AND chemical

Question 23

nervous system response speed?

Answer 23

quick

Question 24

nervous system adaption rate?

Answer 24

quick

Question 25

nervous system effects?

Answer 25

specific, 1 organ

Question 26

endocrine system type of communication?

Answer 26

chemical only

Question 27

endocrine system response speed?

Answer 27

slow

Question 28

endocrine system adaption rate?

Answer 28

slow

Question 29

endocrine system effects?

Answer 29

widespread, many organs

Question 30

- too little hormone secretion - too much hormone secretion - unresponsive target - reaction to environmental hormone mimic

Answer 30

4 causes of endocrine disorders

Question 31

- hypo secretion - hyper secretion - abnormal tissue response

Answer 31

causes of endocrine diseases

Question 32

response of both hormones together= sum of their individual responses (1+1=2)

Answer 32

additive effect

Question 33

hormones work together on target cell to produce an effect greater than the sum of their individual effects (1+1=3) e.g. FSH+testosetrone= increased sperm production

Answer 33

synergistic effects

Question 34

1 hormone required for 2nd hormone to exert its full effect, target cell is primed by 1st hormone

Answer 34

permissive effects

Question 35

1 hormone opposes action of other

Answer 35

antagonistic effect

Question 36

insulin lowers blood glucose levels. insulin's antagonist, glucagon raises blood glucose levels. this is an example of what hormone interaction?

Answer 36

antagonistic effect

Question 37

point-to-point messaging through nerves

Answer 37

nervous system

Question 38

broadcasts its hormone messages to essentially all cells

Answer 38

endocrine system

Question 39

Why don't all ALL cells in body respond to every hormone in the bloodstream?

Answer 39

only target cells have receptors

Question 40

- unbound in blood - can't penetrate target cell - acts indirectly (via 2nd messenger) - faster amplification - lipid soluble

Answer 40

Hydrophilic hormones

Question 41

- binds to transport protein in blood - penetrate plasma membrane, nuclear membrane - acts directly on genes of target cel - takes hrs/days to show effect - cant cross plasma membrane

Answer 41

Hydrophobic hormones

Question 42

peptide/protein is hydro___?

Answer 42

hydrophillic

Question 43

lipid derivatives are hydro___?

Answer 43

hydrophobic

Question 44

estrogen, androgens, progestin

Answer 44

steroids from glands

Question 45

mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids, androgens

Answer 45

steroids from adrenal cortex

Question 46

calcitriol

Answer 46

steroid from kidney

Question 47

- released by endocrine cells near capillaries | - enters capillaries to travel to target organs

Answer 47

hormone release

Question 48

lowers blood glucose levels

Answer 48

insulin

Question 49

insulin's antagonist, raises glucose levels

Answer 49

glucagon

Question 50

physiological stages in response to stress

Answer 50

general adaption syndrome

Question 51

stage 1 in response to stress

Answer 51

-alarm - epinephrine is released -stored glycogen is consumed -