Endocrine

Question 1

What do the nervous system and the endocrine system have in common

Answer 1

Animals need to respond to external
changes and control conditions inside
their bodies in order to maintain
homeostasis. Two body systems are
used to achieve this.

Question 2

Define Homoeostasis

Answer 2

how the body maintains a
relatively stable internal state despite
changes inside and around it. This constant
internal environment is maintained through
the efforts of the nervous system and the
endocrine system.

Question 3

Name the 7 endocrine glands

Answer 3

1- Hypothalamus
2- pituitary gland
3- Thyroid gland
4- Adrenal
5- islets of Langerhans
6- testis
7- Ovary

Question 4

what is the location and Hormone of the hypothalamus

Answer 4

L- small region of
the brain located at the base of the
brain, just above the pituitary gland
H- Secretes Anti~diuretic hormone
ADH
Oxytocin

Question 5

What is the role of Oxytocin and ADH

Answer 5

ADH- It enlarges the pores of the
collecting ducts of the nephron, so
more water can be reabsorbed
from the filtrate back into the
blood.
Oxytocin- stimulates contractions of the uterine muscles which causes labor
simulates milk flow

Question 6

What is the location and hormone secreted by the pituitary gland

Answer 6

L- underneath the hypothalamus behind the bridge of the nose
H- TSH, FSH, LH, prolactin,
growth hormone and
oxytocin

Question 7

What are the roles of TSH, FSH, LH, prolactin,
growth hormone and
oxytocin

Answer 7

TSH- Stimulates the thyroid to
secrete the hormone
thyroxin
FSH- Stimulates the formation of follicles in ovary and sperm in testis
GH- Stimulates growth of the body
LH- Brings about ovulation, oestrogen production and corpus luteum development and stimulates cells of Leydig to produce testosterone
Prolactin- Stimulates the mammary glands into secreting milk
Oxytocin- Stimulates contractions of the uterine muscles which causes labor

Question 8

Location and hormone of the thyroid gland

Answer 8

L- Butterfly shaped gland that lies around the front of the trachea
H- thyroxin

Question 9

Role of thyroxin

Answer 9

Regulates metabolic rate

Question 10

Location and hormone of Adrenal gland

Answer 10

L- on top of each kidney
H- Adrenalin, Aldosterone

Question 11

Function of Adrenalin and Aldosterone

Answer 11

Adrenalin- prepares body for crisis by increasing: heart rate, breathing, glucose levels in blood and tone of skeletal muscles
Aldosterone- promotes the reabsorption of sodium ions and water

Question 12

Location of Islets of Langerhans and hormones

Answer 12

L- in pancreas
H- insulin and glucagon

Question 13

Function of insulin and glucagon

Answer 13

I- Decreases blood sugar levels
G- increases blood sugar levels

Question 14

Location and Hormone of testis

Answer 14

L- oval shaped organ located in the scrotum just behind the penis
H- testosterone

Question 15

Role of Testosterone

Answer 15

Stimulates male sex organs and stimulates secondary sexual characterics in men

Question 16

Location and Hormone of Ovaries

Answer 16

L- located on either side of the uterus in the lower abdomen
H- Oestrogen and Progesterone

Question 17

Role of Oestrogen and Progesterone’s

Answer 17

O- stimulates female sex organs and stimulates secondary sexual characteristics
P- Ensures endometrium doesn’t disintegrate during pregnancy and prepares uterus to receive fertilized ovum

Question 18

What is the principle of the negative feedback system

Answer 18

Any deviation from the normal state is rectified by causing a change to occur in the opposite direction so that the deviation is cancelled

Question 19

What is the general formula for the negative feedback when hormones rise above normal state

Answer 19

rise above normal- receptor detects change- control Centre processes information- reaction from gland- back to normal level

Question 20

What is the general formula for the negative feedback system when it is lower than normal

Answer 20

drop below normal- receptor detects change- control Centre processes information- reaction from gland- back to normal state

Question 21

What is the negative feedback system for a rise in thyroxin in blood

Answer 21

Rise above normal- pituitary gland detects rise in thyroxin levels- pituitray gland stops secreting TSH- thyroid gland stops secreting thyroxin- normal state

Question 22

Negative feedback for a rise in glucose levels

Answer 22

level rises above normal- pancreas detects rise in glucose level- B cells of islets of Langerhans in pancreas secrete hormone insulin- insulin converts excess glucose to glycogen insulin promotes the entry of glucose into body cells- blood glucose levels drop

Question 23

When glucose drops below normal

Answer 23

glucose levels drops below normal- Pancreas detect drop in glucose level- alpa cells of islets of langerhans in pancreas secrete the hormone glucagon- Glucagon converts stored glycogen to glucose- glucose levels rise

Question 24

when is insulin normally screted?

Answer 24

after a meal, after carbs have been ingested

Question 25

how would insulin boost levels of glygogen in blood

Answer 25

insulin causes the muscle cells to absorb glucose from blood, and convert it to glycogen for storage. This reduces the level of glucose in the blood