Sexual propagation

Question 1

1. Vegetative propagation.

Answer 1

Asexual reproduction√ by one parent√ without the production of gametes√

Question 2

4. Advantages of vegetative propagation.

Answer 2

• Its faster than sexual reproduction
• Resulting offspring is genetically identical so it guarantees transfer of desirable traits in crops to the next generation
• It’s a reliable means of reproduction (always successful because it is simple)

Question 3

5. How can asexual reproduction solve the current food crises?

Answer 3

• Climate change and a growing human population puts greater pressure on land and food supplies. Asexual reproduction is faster, cheaper and guarantees quality crops. Plants reproducing asexually produces plants that are clones (they are genetically identical to the parent). This is good since desired traits are preserved

Question 4

How can asexual reproduction benefit food production and improve food crops? (Stem runners)

Answer 4

• and using cuttings, from sweet potatoes and various herbs, are cheap and easy since there is no need for seeds

Question 5

Benefit of onion bulb and carrot taproots

Answer 5

are ways of reproducing but also used for storage of food

Question 6

• how do Potato stem tubers improve food crops

Answer 6

don’t require seeds and produces a large yield

Question 7

how do fruit trees improve the production of food crops

Answer 7

can be grafted enabling identical plants to be cultivated in orchards. Grafting in fruit trees allows the stem of one plant to be fused to a stem from another plant. This saves space and effort

Question 8

how do tissue culture benefit food production

Answer 8

high-quality plants and crops that are disease-free in a short time provide food for countries that are unable to grow from seed or more traditional growing methods

Question 9

What are is the natural propagation for a Stem

Answer 9

Structure: runner- stems growing across the ground make new plants - stawberries
Stem tuber- swollen underground stems make “eyes” which can each grow into a whole new potateo plant - potatoes

Question 10

what are the natural propagation methods for roots

Answer 10

Root tubers- swollen lateral buds on the roots can each grow into a whole new plants - Dahlias

Question 11

what are the natural propagation methods for Leaf

Answer 11

Leaflets- lobes form on the parent leaf. These break off and fall to the ground and grow into new plants- Kalanchoe

Question 12

what are the natural propagation for buds

Answer 12

Bulbs- each bulb within an onion can be cab be planted and will grow into a whole new onion plant- onions

Question 13

Explain the cutting natural propagation method

Answer 13

1- a part of a plant is cut off
2- it is placed in water
3- it is later planted into the soil to grow a whole new plant

Question 14

how is layering done

Answer 14

how a part of a plant grows a whole new plant when a part of it is covered with a layer of soil?

Question 15

How is grafting done

Answer 15

1- a plant with a desirable root system√ (now called the stock)√ is cut to remove the aerial parts
2- a desirable stem√ (scion)√ of another plant is grafted into the root system of the first plant
3- the union between the stock and the scion is shown and these parts will grow together.√

Question 16

how is micro propagation done

Answer 16

1- use of extremely small pieces of plant tissue taken from a carefully chosen and prepared mother plant. These pieces are grown in a nutrient medium under laboratory conditions to produce a cluster of cells called a callus
2- This is done until the development of small roots and shoots√ occur
3- The new little plant is then transplanted√ into soil where it will grow into a mature plant