Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

HUMAN HISTO LAB > ENDOCRINE > Flashcards

ENDOCRINE Flashcards

(89 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

EXOCRINE & ENDOCRINE GLANDS
Both are derived from ____________, their cells will proliferate
and later become Exocrine or Endocrine

A

lining epithelia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

– if the cells will mature to become a gland that is
still continuous with the Epithelium

A

EXOCRINE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

how EXOCRINE release their secretions,
answer is through their __

A

ducts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

they totally detach from their epithelium

A

ENDOCRINE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

They are interspersed with blood vessels

A

ENDOCRINE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

They release their secretion directly to the

A

BLOODSTREAM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

And anything released to the blood is called a

A

HORMONE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

with receptors to the hormone, thus
responds to the hormone

A

TARGET CELL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

CLASSIFICATION OF HORMONES

A

proteins
steroids
amines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

o Generally hydrophilic
o Do not require transport proteins in the blood

A

PROTEINS OR PEPTIDES (3-49 amino acids)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Hormones derived from cholesterol

A

STEROIDS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

STEROIDS is_____ thus require transport proteins

A

Hydrophobic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

hormones derived from a SINGLE amino acid
TYROSINE

A

AMINES

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

glands and cells of protein or peptide hormones

A

o Beta cells of pancreas
o Hypophysis
o Thyroid gland
o Parathyroid gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

glands and cells of steroid hormones

A

TESTES will CORner the OVARY:
o Ovary
o Testes
o Adrenal cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Hormone from Testes –

A

Testosterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Hormone from Ovary –

A

Estrogen and
Progesterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Adrenal CORtex –

A

Cortisol,
Aldosterone,
Androgen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

glands that produce amine hormones

A

Thyroid Gland
Adrenal Medulla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Small ovoid organ

A

PITUITARY GLAND (HYPOPHYSIS)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

PITUITARY GLAND (HYPOPHYSIS) Located in the base of the brain, within the cavity of the
sphenoid bone called

A

SELLA TURCICA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

where the right and left optic nerves
merge

A

OPTIC CHIASM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

– the gland found above the hypophysis

A

Hypothalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

structure that
links pituitary gland to hypothalamus
“hug”

A

Infundibulum (Pituitary Stalk)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Hypothalamus Found superior because it controls the _______
pituitary
26
Why are there 2 pituitary glands (anterior and posterior)?
Because they originate from different structures
27
Early in gestation, a finger of ectoderm grows upward from the roof of the mouth
Rathke’s pouch
28
At the same time that the Rathke’s pouch is developing, another finer of ectodermal tissue (neurohypophysis) evaginates from the ________
developing brain
29
Neurons of the dorsal medial, ventral vedial and infundibular nuclei are ______because they don’t have any direct control as they originate from the mouth
short
30
Supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei from the _______, reaches the posterior pituitary
hypothalamus
31
Hypothalamus has two important secretory nuclei (Hypothalamic Hypophyseal Tract)
Supraoptic Nuclei Paraventricular Nuclei
32
above optic chiasm ▪ Produces ADH
Supraoptic Nuclei
33
– found beside 3rd cerebral ventricle ▪ Produces Oxytocin
Paraventricular Nuclei –
34
ADH and OXYTOCIN are transported through the axons and are only _____ in the neurohypophysis
STORED
35
If iask what produces oxytocin / ADH, the answer is ____________!
Hypothalamus
36
HORMONES OF ANTERIOR PITUITARY GLAND
* Growth Hormone (GH) * Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) * Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) * Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) * Luteinizing Hormones (LSH) * Prolactin (PRL)
37
cells that release gorwth hormone
somatotrophs
38
cells that release Luteinizing Hormone and Follicle Stimulating hormone
gonadotrophs
39
cells that inhibit the prolactin (unless the prolactin inhibiting hormone was not produced)
lactotrophs or mammotrophs
40
cells that release the thyroid hormone
thyrotrophs
41
cells that release the adrenocorticotropic hormone
corticotrophs
42
Based on the table, siya lang may inhibiting hormone. Why?
If walang anak ang female, milk production should be inhibited
43
2 stimuli to start producing prolactin
o Hearing the baby cry o Baby suckling
44
o Irregular cords / clusters of glandular cells o Classified according to their affinity or lack of affinity for dyes
Pars distalis (anterior lobe)
45
Pars distalis (anterior lobe) major portion about ___%
75
46
lack of affinity or affinity for dyes ang pars distalis or adenohypophysis or anterior pituitary glands because of?
chromophilic and chromophobic cells
47
believed to be partially degranulated acidophils or basophils or stem cells
Chromophobic:
48
Most abundant chromophilic cells
acidophils are either GH or PRL
49
a collar of tissue that usually surrounds the infundibular stalk
Pars tuberalis
50
Pars tuberalis contains cords of the epithelial cells and is filled with ___________
hypophyseal portal vessels
51
Pars tuberalis contain what cells
Contains gonadotrophs and thyrotrophs
52
Pars intermedia - a ______ band that separates the adenohypophysis and neurohypophysis (with fluid filled ____)
narrow; cyst
53
remainders of the Rathke’s pouch
Cysts
54
Pars intermedia _____ developed in humans
Poorly
55
Pars intermedia Contains large pale cells that often surround follicles filled with ill-defined “_______”
colloid
56
cells of anterior pituitary lobe and their affinity for dyes
Somatotrophs (acidophilic) Mammotrophs (acidophilic) Thyrotrophs (Basophilic) Gonadotrophs (Basophilic) Corticotrophs (Basophilic)
57
what’s the most abundant cell in the Pars Distalis =
Somatotrophs
58
Posterior lobe – aka
Pars Nervosa or Neurophyophysis
59
Axons with terminal swellings / dilated parts called neurosecretory (Herring) bodies where hormones are released upon neural stimulation
Neural tissue
60
Neural tissue supported by _________ (resemble astrocytes)
pituicytes
61
for dehydration, low blood pressure
Antidiuretic Hormone
62
assist in child delivery by stimulating uterine contraction
Oxytocin
63
THYROID GLAND Located in the ______ region anterior to the _____
cervical; larynx
64
THYROID GLAND Consists of 2 lateral lobes connected by a narrow _________
isthmus
65
THYROID GLAND Covered by a ______ capsule
fibrous
66
THYROID GLAND Composed of __________ microscopic thyroid follicles
20-30 million
67
cells of thyroid
follicular cells/thyrocytes
68
FOLLICULAR CELLS / THYROCYTES is __________ epithelium that lines the follicles
simple cuboidal
69
FOLLICULAR CELLS / THYROCYTES Produces
T3 & T4
70
gelatinous substance contained in the lumen of follicular cells
COLLOID
71
It is in the colloid where _______ is produced (rich in tyrosine molecules) and T3 and T4 are _______
thyroglobulin; stored
72
cells that are found outside the follicle
PARAFOLLICULAR CELLS
73
PARAFOLLICULAR CELLS Synthesize ______ o Also known as C cells
Calcitonin
74
Hypothyroidism (___ cells)
flat
75
Hyperthyroidism (_______)
columnar
76
Increase the metabolic rate of the body
T3 & T4
77
T3 & T4 Promote ___maturation
brain
78
T3 & T4 Enhance _______ growth
somatic
79
Patients with Hyperthyroidism cannot tolerate heat because they have high ______ production in their bodies
heat
80
Congenital hypothyroidism – detected by __________
newborn screening
81
Lowers concentration of calcium in the blood
CALCITONIN
82
CALCITONIN o Calcium in diet is not _________ o Calcium in urine is not _________ and instead excreted o Calcium is deposited to the ____ instead of being broken down to transfer calcium there instead of the blood
absorbed; reabsorbed; bone
83
4 small ovoid bodies
Parathyroid Gland
84
Parathyroid Gland located at the ________ surface of the thyroid glands
posterior
85
2 types of epithelial cells of parathyroid gland
Chief cells Oxyphil cells
86
produces parathyroid hormone
Chief cells
87
increased in number in adults; Minimal hormone synthesis
Oxyphil cells
88
affinity for dyes of chief cells and oxyphil cells
Chief cells: basophilic Oxyphil cells: acidophilic
89
PARATHYROID HORMONE o Performs opposite roles from ________ o Increases blood ________
calcitonin; calcium

HUMAN HISTO LAB (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions