Endocrine Flashcards
(23 cards)
Is syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) low or high ADH and what does it cause?
Excessive ADH = excessive water reabsorption = water retention and delusional hyponatremia
What are the S&S of SIADH? (more than 1)
a. low serum osmolality
b. high serum osmolality
c. high urine specific gravity
d. low urine specific gravity
e. hypernatremia
f. hyponatremia
a, c, f
Pick the characteristics of diabetes insipidus (more than 1)
a. low serum osmolality
b. high serum osmolality
c. high urine specific gravity
d. low urine specific gravity
e. hypernatremia
f. polyuria
b, d, e, f
What are some interventions for SIADH?
Seizure precautions: hyponatremia increase risk of seizures
Neurological checks
Strict I/O monitoring
Administer vasopressin receptor antagonists (ex. conivaptan)
Does serum glucose increase or decrease when diabetic pt is sick?
increases - need their insulin even if they are not eating
What are the two problems when there is a sick diabetic pt?
hyperglycemia and dehydration
What should you administer when patient is hypoglycemic and unconscious?
glucagon IM or IV dextrose
What is the glucose level for diabetic ketoacidosis?
more than 20mmol/L
What are some signs of Diabetic ketoacidosis? (think DKA)
Dehydration (dry, poor skin elasticity and turgor, warm)
Ketones in serum (blood), Kussmauls (deep & rapid breath), High K+
Acidosis (metabolic), Acetone breath, Anorexia (due to nausea)
Which insulin can be in IV?
regular
is hyperthyroidism increased or decreased metabolic rate?
increased
What are the signs of hyperthyroidism? (think SWEATING)
S-Sweating
W-Weight loss
E-Exophthalmos (bulging eyes)
A-Amenorrhea/irregular menstrual cycles
T-Tremor/Tachycardia
I-Intolerance of heat
N-Nervousness/insomnia
G-GI problems
What is a thyroid storm?
Life threatening condition characterized by increase in thyroid hormones that lead to hypermetabolic state
What can cause a thyroid storm?
hyperthyroidism
excess thyroid hormone intake
physical manipulation of thyroid (ex. Thyroidectomy)
What are the S&S of thyroid storm?
fever
anxiety
tachycardia
altered mentation
What are two life-threatening complications of a thyroidectomy?
thyroid storm
hypocalcemia
What are signs of hypocalcemia?
tetany (tingling in mouth, muscle spasms in hands/feet/larynx)
positive Chvostek’s sign: twitching of facial muscles in response to tapping over facial nerve (by ear)
Positive Trousseau’s sign: carpopedal spasm induced by pressure applied to arm by inflated BP cuff
pick signs of hypothyroidism:
a. weight gain
b. cold intolerance
c. tachycardia
d. hair loss
e. cognitive slowing
f. sweating
a, b, d, e
what is myxedema coma? and its signs
life threatening complication characterized by decreased LOC, hypothermia, bradycardia, and hypotension, hypoventilation
What is addisons disease?
Under secretion of steroids
Pick which signs are cushing’s syndrome vs. addisons disease
a. hyperpigmentation
b. weight loss
c. truncal obesity
d. high glucose levels
e. excess hair (hirsutism)
f. low BP
Cushings: c, d, e
Addisons: a, b, f
What is metabolic syndrome?
Presence of more than 3 metabolic health factors that increase risk for stroke, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease
What do you check with metabolic syndrome/what is criteria? (think “We Better Think High Glucose”)
W - waist circumference: Abdominal obesity
B - BP: High (more than 130/85)
T - Triglycerides: high
H - HDL cholesterol: low
G- Glucose: increased (more than 5.6 mmol/L)
