Pharmacology

Question 1

Name some common NSAIDs (5)

Answer 1

Ibuprofen
naproxen
ketorolac
celecoxib
Aspirin

Question 2

Is ibuprofen nephrotoxic or hepatotoxic?

Answer 2

nephrotoxic = do not use if they have kidney disease

Question 3

When are NSAID’s contraindicated? (3)

Answer 3

Can cause bronchospasms: contraindicated in pt with asthma or nasal polyps

Hypertension & heart failure: cause fluid retention

Bleeding

Question 4

Is tylenol nephrotoxic or hepatotoxic?

Answer 4

hepatoxic = do not give if they have liver disease

Question 5

What are the 5 common drug toxicities?

Answer 5

lithium

digoxin

aminophylline/theophylline

phenytoin (hydantoin class)

bilirubin

Question 6

What is the normal level for lithium? What is the toxicity level?

Answer 6

Therapeutic level: 0.8 to 1.2

Toxic level: >2.0

Question 7

What are the acute symptoms of lithium toxicity? (3)

Answer 7

Acute: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea

Question 8

What are the chronic symptoms of lithium toxicity? (5)

Answer 8

Chronic: ataxia, sluggishness, confusion, agitation, tremor

Question 9

What are some medications that can increase lithium levels (3)

Answer 9

thiazide diuretics

NSAIDs

antidepressants

Question 10

What is the toxic level for digoxin?

Answer 10

more than 2

Question 11

Pick S&S of digoxin toxicity:

a. tachycardia
b. dizziness
c. changes in vision
d. confusion

Answer 11

b,c,d

would have bradycardia

Question 12

What are some of the S&S of aminophylline (theophylline) toxicity? (6)

Answer 12

headache
insomnia
seizures
nausea
vomiting
arrhythmias

Question 13

What are some S&S of phenytoin toxicity?

Answer 13

ataxia (poor muscle control)
nystagmus (rapid eye movements)
hirsutism (excess hair)
gingival hyperplasia (swollen gums)
stevens-johnsons syndrome (rashes, lesions, blisters)

Question 14

What is a toxic level of bilirubin for newborns?

Answer 14

more than 20

Question 15

What is the antidote for benzodiazepines?

Answer 15

Flumazenil

Question 16

T or F: benzodiazepines have anticholinergic effects

Answer 16

True

Question 17

Pick antihypertensive medications:

a. ACE inhibitor
b. Statins
c. CCBs
d. NSAIDs

Answer 17

a, c

Question 18

Which antihypertensive medications are contraindicated in pregnancy and can cause hyperkalemia?

Answer 18

ACE inhibitor and ARBs

Question 19

What is a serious SE of ACE inhibitors?

Answer 19

angioedema

Question 20

T or F: spironolactone and amiloride are k-sparing diuretics

Answer 20

True

Question 21

Pick non K-sparing diuretics:

a. furosemide
b. spironolactone
c. hydrochlorothiazide
d. bumetanide

Answer 21

a, c, d

Question 22

What is a common SE when given nitroglycerin?

Answer 22

headache

Question 23

What type of insulin is lispro (humalog/aspart)? What is the peak and duration?

Answer 23

rapid/short acting

Peak: 30 min Duration: 3 hrs

Question 24

What are the steps to draw up intermediate and regular insulin?

Answer 24

air into intermediate

air into regular

draw up regular

draw up intermediate

Question 25

What type of insulin is glargine (lantus)

Answer 25

long acting

Question 26

T or F: exercise increases insulin action

Answer 26

True

Question 26

T or F: you can give cephalosporin class medication to someone who is allergic to penicillin

Answer 26

F

Question 26

Does insulin cause hypokalemia or hyperkalemia?

Answer 26

hypokalemia

Question 26

What are bad SE of aminoglycosides?

Answer 26

ototoxicity nephrotoxicity

Question 27

Which medications can change bodily fluids? a. rifampin b. carbidopa-levodopa c. isoniazid d. sulfasalazine

Answer 27

a, b, d

Question 28

What are tetracyclines? and give an example

Answer 28

antibiotic that treats bacterial infections ex. doxycycline

Question 29

What are teaching points for tetracyclines? (4)

Answer 29

take on empty stomach with full glass of water avoid antacids, iron supp, or dairy products photosensitivity use additional contraceptives (dec effectiveness of oral contra)

Question 30

T or F: Facial twitching, facial grimacing, tongue protrusion may indicate toxicity of levodopa

Answer 30

T

Question 31

T or F: you should take iron and calcium supplements together

Answer 31

False, calcium decreases absorption of iron

Question 32

When would a triptan medication be contraindicated?

Answer 32

Coronary artery diseases and uncontrolled hypertension

Question 33

What is a serious SE of Statins medication class?

Answer 33

myopathy/rhabdomyolysis

Question 34

What are some signs of rhabdomyolysis?

Answer 34

Early signs: muscle aches or weakness Other: dark coloured urine, elevated creatinine kinase

Question 35

What is the normal aPTT level vs the aPTT level for heparin?

Answer 35

normal: 30-40 seconds on heparin: 1.5 - 2 times more

Question 36

What is a life-threatening complication of heparin?

Answer 36

heparin-induced thrombocytopenia

Question 37

What are the common S&S of anticholinergic medications? (9)

Answer 37

constipation urinary retention dry mouth flushing heat intolerance blurred vision drowsiness confusion increases intraocular pressure

Question 38

What is methimazole?

Answer 38

an antithyroid, treats hyperthyroidism (graves disease)