Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

CDP > Endocrine > Flashcards

Endocrine Flashcards

(66 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Anyone with a thyroid nodule should get:

A

History and physical exam
Measurement of serum TSH
Ultrasound

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Reasons for decreased C-peptide

A

Factitious hypoglycemia

Type 1 diabetes mellitus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Reasons for increased C-peptide

A

Insulinoma

Type 2 diabetes mellitus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Diagnostic threshold level for OGTT

A

200+ mg/dL (after two hours)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

A positive thyroid antibody test suggests …

A

Autoimmune disorder (Hashimoto’s or Graves)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Hypothyroidism side effects

A

Everything slows down

Hyporeflexia
Slower brain
Fatigue
Weight gain (fluid)
Constipation
Menorrhagia
Easily chilled

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Gestational diabetes screening for women with risk factors/history

A

Screen at first prenatal visit with OGTT

(risk factors same as diabetes, except age is 35 instead of 45)

Screen women with history 6-12 weeks postpartum using OGTT and lifelong every 3 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Is there a poor or strong correlation between plasma and urine glucose?

A

Poor correlation (variable renal threshold)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

If pituitary or hypothalamic disease is suspected (e.g. a young woman with amenorrhea and fatigue) what would you want to measure?

A

BOTH serum TSH and free T4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The most accurate method for evaluating thyroid nodules when TSH is normal or elevated is …

A

FNA biopsy (fine needle aspiration)

Uses ultrasound to guide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Reasons for decreased insulin

A

Diabetes mellitus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

This medication inhibits extrathyroidal conversion of T4 to T3 and can cause T4 toxicosis

A

Amiodarone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Which is more likely to be cancerous, a “hot” or “cold” thyroid nodule?

A

Cold

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Next steps if:

1.) TSH normal

2.) TSH high

3.) TSH low

A

1.) TSH normal - no further testing

2.) TSH high - Free T4 (determine degree of hypothyroidism)

3.) TSH low - Free T4 and T3 (determine degree of hyperthyroidism)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Primary labs for hyperthyroidism

A

Free T4 and T3

Once steady state, use TSH to monitor disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What hormone is used in pregnancy tests?

A

hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

The precursor to testosterone and estrogen is …

A

DHEA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Most common cause of hyperthyroidism

A

Graves disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Thyroid disease in the ambulatory setting can be excluded if this test is normal

A

TSH levels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Normal fasting blood glucose

A

60-100 mg/dL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Ingestion of this vitamin can interfere with TSH lab levels

A

Biotin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

When to take a pregnancy test

A

hCG appears 3-7 days after conception

Not good to do before first missed period

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Casual glucose threshold (any time of day regardless of food intake)

A

<200 mg/dL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are the three points of Whipple’s triad?

A

Symptoms consistent with hypoglycemia

A low plasma glucose concentration (<50 mg/dL)

Immediate relief of symptoms with IV glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Most important test to assess thyroid
TSH level
26
Anterior pituitary hormones
TSH LH FSH (also GH and ACTH, but not talked about here)
27
Diabetic and pre-diabetic levels for HbA1c
Diabetic = 6.5% or more Pre-diabetic = 5.7 to 6.4%
28
If TSH is elevated, order this test ...
Free T4
29
Non-diabetic reasons for increased blood sugar (hyperglycemia)
Acute stress response Corticosteroids
30
Test levels of this to assess ED/fertility in men, PCOS/masculine features in women, or early/precocious puberty in teens
Testosterone
31
Estrogen levels can be used to monitor these four things
Puberty Menstruation Fertility Menopause
32
Reason for HbA1c to be elevated
Newly diagnosed diabetic patient
33
Reasons for decreased TSH
Hyperthyroidism
34
This test is done when TSH is low to determine the functional status of thyroid nodules
Scintigraphy (aka thyroid uptake, radionuclide thyroid scan)
35
Describe myxedma coma
Medical emergency with high mortality rate Severe hypothyroidism Periorbital edema, puffy, dull, dry face, hair thinning Low T4, TSH variable
36
Reasons for non-diabetic low blood sugar (hypoglycemia)
Excessive alcohol intake Hepatitis Anorexia nervosa Tumors of the pancreas (insulinoma)
37
ADA screening recommendations for diabetes or pre-diabetes
Don't screen for DM1 Screen all adults overweight with at least one other risk factor If no risk factors, screening begins at 45 (fasting plasma glucose recommended)
38
Hyperthyroidism side effects
Everything speeds up Skin smooth and moist Hyperreflexia Racing mind Weight loss (10 lbs) Low volume frequent stools Oligomenorrhea Heat intolerance Arrythmias (Afib)
39
In hypothyroidism would TSH and free T4 be elevated or decreased?
TSH up T4 down
40
Risk factors for diabetes (11)
1. Age 45+ 2. BMI 25+ (overweight) 3. 1st degree family history DM 4. Physical inactivity 5. High-risk ethnic group (Black, Hispanic, Native American, Asian American, Pacific Islander) 6. History of delivering fat baby (9lbs+) 7. HTN (140/90) 8. Dyslipidemia (HDL <35 and/or TGs >250) 9. Previous impaired glucose tolerance or impaired fasting glucose 10. PCOS 11. History of vascular disease
41
Which is more likely to require FNA, a hyper or hypo functioning thyroid nodule?
Hypo
42
Reasons (3) for increased TSH
Primary hypothyroidism Thyroiditis Severe and chronic illness
43
Screening recommendations for microalbuminuria and what med to use to treat
Annually Two out of three tests positive = start patient on an ACE!
44
HbA1c level goal for diabetes patients
7%
45
Two reasons to order a TPO antibody
Goiter (enlargement of thyroid gland) Subclinical hypothyroidism or postpartum thyroiditis
46
USPSTF rating, age range, and frequency for prediabetes and DM2
B Age 35-70 Every three years
47
These four tests can be done to differentiate type one from type two diabetes
Insulin assay C-peptide Islet cells (antibodies?) GAD 65 antibodies
48
Most patients with hyperthyroidism caused by nodular goiter or Graves have greater increase in .... (T3 or T4?)
T3 (watch out for T3 toxicosis)
49
Describe a thyroid storm
Rare life threatening condition, severe or exaggerated clinical manifestations of thyrotoxicosis Hyperthyroidism
50
C-peptide levels correlate with ... levels in the blood
Insulin (degree of insulin insufficiency)
51
Gestational diabetes screening for women without risk factors or history
Screen at 24-28 weeks with OGTT
52
HbA1c measures average blood glucose levels over this period of time
120 days (lifespan of red blood cell)
53
Primary lab to monitor hypothyroidism
TSH
54
If patient has symptoms of hyper or hypothyroidism but a normal TSH result, what is your next step?
Measure serum free T4
55
Blood levels of hCG for negative, indeterminate, positive pregnancy tests
Negative = under 5 Indeterminate = 5-25 Positive = over 25
56
Patients with low serum TSH but normal free T4 and T3 have ...
Subclinical hyperthyroidism
57
TSH is released from the .... and T3, T4 are released from the ....
TSH from pituitary T3,T4 from thyroid
58
ADA diagnostic criteria for diabetes mellitus
A. Symptoms of diabetes and a casual plasma glucose 200+ mg/dL B. Fasting plasma glucose >125 mg/dL C. OGTT 200+ mg/dL D. HbA1c 6.5+% In absence of unequivocal hyperglycemia, DM dx must be confirmed on a subsequent day by measuring any one of b, c, d.
59
Posterior pituitary hormones
ADH Oxytocin
60
Reasons for increased insulin
Insulinoma Obesity
61
What TSH level (high, normal, low) increases the possibility that a thyroid nodule is hyperfunctioning?
Low TSH
62
Insulin assay should always be performed in conjunction with this test
Blood glucose
63
Cortisol levels are highest at this time of day
6am to 8am
64
Except for lab error, all patients with low TSH and high free T4 and/or T3 have ....
Primary hyperthyroidism
65
It is generally accepted that a woman has reached menopause when ...
No menstruation for a year AND FSH reaches 30+ mIU/mL
66
What imaging should be used to screen for non-palpable thyroid cancers?
None, don't screen if it's non-palpable (but if palpable it's ultrasound)

CDP (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions