Endocrine Flashcards
(38 cards)
1
Q
- lethargy, heaches and muscle weakness
- excessive water dirnking, polyuria
- suprasellar calcification
A
Craniopharyngioma-arises form remnants of rathkes pouch and compresses posterior pituitary (lack of ADH secretion)
2
Q
- Small cell carcinoma of the lung (or with carcinoma of prostate, GI and pancreas)
- seizures, hypotensive, hyponatremia
- dilute urine
- Normal Ct
A
Syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion
3
Q
- small cell carcinoma of lung
- rounding of face, upper truncal obesity
- muscle weakness, thin skin with striae
- Hypertension
- High corticotropin level (ACTH)
A
paraneoplastic cushing syndrome (ACTH producing tumor)
4
Q
- previous severe hypotensive episode (usually from postpartum hemorrhage)
- Months later c/o lethargy, pallor, weakness, failure of lactation and amenorrhea
A
Sheehan Syndrome (infarcation of pituitary)
5
Q
- polyuria and increased thirst
- trauma to base of skull
A
Damage to neurohypophysis (posterior pituitary-no secretion of ADH)
6
Q
- headache, visual changes, deepening of voice, weakness
- amenorrhea
- Hypercalciuria
- arthritic joint pain
- increased shoe/hat size
- impaired glucose tolerance
A
Pituitary Adenoma-acromegaly (increased GH secretion)
7
Q
- headaches, visual disturbances and irregular menses
- breasts are firm and tender
- MRI shows enlargement of ant. pituitary
- erectile dysfunction in males
A
Lactotrope Adenoma
8
Q
- muscle weakness, drooping eyelids
- worsens with repetetive mvmts
- resolve after short rest
- anterior mediastinal mass
A
Thymic hyperplasia- can be associated with myasthenia gravis
9
Q
- tingling in hands and feet 24 hrs after surgery for thyroid follicular carcinoma
- progresses to mucle cramps, laryngeal stridor, and convulsions
A
Hypoparathyroidism (causes hypocalcemia leading to symptoms)
10
Q
- anterior neck mass
- dysphagia and hoarseness
- inspiratory stridor
A
Nontoxic goiter (patient is euthyroid)
11
Q
- 46 XX Karyotype
- virilization of external female genitalia
- increased adrenal androgens and progesterone
- Autosomal recessive disorder
A
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia- 21-Hydroxylase deficiency
12
Q
- Severe dehydration and hypotension
- Severe adrenal hyperplasia
- hyponatremia
- hyperkalemia
- increased renin secretion
A
Hypoaldosteronism (also part of CAH)
13
Q
- history of chronic respiratory, and GI infections
- hypoplasia of thymus
- eczema
- thrombocytopenia
- sex linked hereditary disease
A
Wiskott Aldrich Syndrom
14
Q
- failure of development of 3rd and 4th branchial pouches
- hypoplasia of thyroid (causing immune deficiency) and parathyroids
- hypocalcemia-can cause severe muscle cramps and convulsions
A
DiGeorge Syndrome
15
Q
- hypocalcemia, high PTH levels
- short stature
- obesity, mental retardation
- subcutaneous calcifications
A
Albright Hereditary Osteodystrophy -causing pseudohypoparathyroidism (end-organ unresponsiveness to PTH)
16
Q
What endocrine disorder predisposes to nephrolithiasis?
A
Hyperparathyroidism- can be from parathyroid adenoma of chief cells, can also be caused by renal insufficiency
17
Q
- mutation in RET protooncogene
- medullary thyroid carcinoma, adrenal medulla pheochromocytoma, parathyroid adenoma (or hyperplasia)
A
MEN2A Syndrome
18
Q
Hyperparathyroidism can increase the incidence of peptic ulcer disease because hypercalcemia increases the secretion of________
A
Gastrin
19
Q
- sluggish and apathetic baby
- large abdomen, umbilical hernia, skin is pale and cold
A
Cretinism- secondary to congenital hypothyroidism
20
Q
- end stage renal disease
- bone pain with small bone cysts and pathologic fractures
A
Osteitis Fibrosa Cystica-renal disease causes secondary hyperparathyroidism
21
Q
- increasing fatigure and muscle weakness
- cold, clammy skin, boggy face with puffy eyelids and peripheral edema
- decreased T3 and T4 levels
A
Autoimmune thyroiditis
22
Q
- hx of multinodular goiter
- nervousness, insomnia, heart palpitations
- diffusely endlarged thyroid
- elevated T3 and T4
- antithyroid antibodies are negative
A
Hyperthyroidism-Toxic Goiter
23
Q
- enlarged thyroid
- low T3 and T4 levels
- antibodies to thyroid antigens
- infiltrateof lymphocytes and plasma cells
- destruction and atrophy of the follicles
A
Hashimoto Thyroiditis (Chronic Autoimmune Thyroiditis)
24
Q
- solitary, nontender, firm nodule on left side of neck
- malignant cells on biopsy (below)
- branching papillae lined by epithelial cells with orphan annie nuclei and fibrovascular cores
- Psammomma bodies are diagnostic
A
Papillary Carcinoma
25
- low grade fever
- 3 day history of pain in the neck
- slightly enlarged thyroid
- Thyroid shows granulomatous inflammation and presence of giant cells
Subactue Dequervians Throiditis (brought on by viral infection)
26
- swelling in anterior neck
- no symptomsexcept discomfort when swallowing
- stony hard thyroid gland, adherent to other neck structures
- thyroid parenchyma is replaced by dense hyalinized fibrous tissue and a chronic inflmmatory infiltrate
Reidels Thyroiditis
27
- nervousness, muscle weakness, heat intolerance and excessive sweating
- weight loss, heart racing, missed periods
- moist skin and bulging eyes
- Anti-TSH antibodies
- biopsy shows follicular hyperplasia with SCALLOPING of colloid
Graves Disease
28
- swelling in neck
- solitary, nontender nodule on thyroid
- thyroid fxn is normal
- does not take up radiolabeled iodine
Follicular adenoma
29
- Derived from C-Cells of the thyroid
- swelling in neck
- diarrhea
- thyroid nodule is "cold" on iodine scan
- biopsy shows malignant cells and homogenous eosinophillic material
- elevated Calcitonin levels
Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma
30
- swelling in anterior neck
- Thyroid fxn is normal
- "hot" on iodine uptake scan
- bopsy shows neoplastic cells with evidence of vascular and capsular invasion
- bony metastases
follicular carcinoma
31
- child w/ decreased appetite, lethargy and enlarging belly
- biopsy shows small blue cells
- suprarenal mass
- increased levels of urinary vanillylmandelic acid
- amplification of n-myc gene on chromosome 2
Neuroblastoma
32
- amenorrhea
- truncal obesity, and emotional disturbances
- elevated serum corticosteroids
- buffalo hump
- striae and diabetes
Cushing disease caused by pituitary adenoma secretion of ACTH
33
Explain the dexamethsone suppresion test.
- distinguish btwn ACTH dependent and independent forms of cushings
- Dexamethasone supresses pituitary secretion of ACTH which should then supress cortisol levels in ACTH dependent processes
- If high cortisol is ACTH independent (adrenal hyperplasia or tumors) then the cortisol will remain high
34
Where would a patient with cushings syndrome most likely have a tumor if dexamethasone does NOT decrease cortisol?
Adrenal Cortex-Zona fasciculata
35
Excess of corticosteroids put patients at risk for\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
osteoporosis
36
- nausea, vomitting, diarrhea, abdominal pain
- hypotension
- hyperpigmentation
- hyponatremia, hyperkalemia
Addisons disease-primary adrenal insufficiency (autoimmune disorder)
37
- muscle weakness and dizziness
- hypernatremia and hypokalemia
- elevated serum aldosterone
- low renin and angiotensin
- hypertension
- Normal BUN, creatinine and cortisol levels
Conn Syndrome-inappropriate secretion of aldosterone by adrenal adenoma
38
- sudden episodic attacks of dizziness, blurred vision and headaches with hypertension
- normal aldosterone, renin and angiotensin levels
- increased urine metanephrines
Pheochromocytoma-tumor of chrommafin cells, secretes catecholamines
