Renal Flashcards

(44 cards)

1
Q
  • undifferentiated tubular structures
  • surrounded by undifferentiated mesenchyme, smooth muscle and islands of cartilage
  • abn. in metanephric differentiation
  • most common cause of abd mass in newborns
  • Unilateral
A

Unilateral Multicystic Renal Dysplasia

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2
Q
  • numerous cysts in renal parenchyma
  • mutation in gene encoding polycystin
  • sense of heaviness in loins, bilateral flank and abd masses, blood clots in urine
  • usually in 4th decade of life
  • risk for hepatic cysts and berry aneurysm
A

Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease

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3
Q

Most common location of ectopic kidney

A

pelvis

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4
Q

All of the following are causes of….?

  • Minimal Change Disease
  • Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis
  • Membranous Glomerulopathy
  • Membranoproliferative type 1
  • Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis
  • Amyloidosis
A

Nephrotic Syndrome

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5
Q

All of the following are causes of…?

  • IgA Nephropathy
  • Henloch Schoenleun Purpura
  • Alport Syndrome
  • SLE
  • Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis type 2
  • Cryoglobulinemia
  • Postinfectious Glomerulonephritis
A

Nephritic Syndrome (RBC casts=tubular bleeding, not from lower in urinary tract!!)

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6
Q
  • Proteinuria
    • Congo Red Staining
  • Some type of Chronic inflammatory disorder (chronic suppurative bronchiectasis, Multiple Myeloma, Rheumatoid Arthritis, and Osteomyelitis)
A

Amyloid Nephropathy

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7
Q
  • fusion of podocyte foot processes
  • nephrotic syndrome (90% of causes in children)
  • selective loss of albumin in urine
  • Resolves with corticosteroids
A

Minimal Change Disease

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8
Q

Reason for lipid droplets in urine of nephrotic patients?

A

Liver compensates for protein loss by increasing lipoprotein production–> hyperlipidemia

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9
Q
  • granular deposits of IgG and complement in subendothelium and mesangium on immunofluorescence
  • Capillary endothelial BM proliferation
  • Tram track appearance from doublung of basement membrane
A

Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis type 1

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10
Q
  • Linear deposition of anti-glomerular basement membrane antibody
  • hemoptysis
  • Crescentic glomerulopathy
A

Goodpastures Syndrome

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11
Q
  • Deposition of IgA in mesangium
  • episodic hematuria following URI or GI infections
  • 20% of patients develop renal failure after 10 years (sclerosis)
A

Berger Disease

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12
Q
  • diffuse hypercellularity of glomeruli (mesangium, endothelial and epithelial cells)
  • diffuse deposition of immune complexes (mesangial, subendothelial subepithelial and inside capillary loops-wire loop lesion)
  • rash
  • severe form of this called Diffuse Proliferative Glomerulonephritis
A

Lupus nephritis

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13
Q
  • History of pharyngitis
  • nephritic syndrome
  • complement fixation on renal biopsy (attracts and activates neutrophils and monocytes–>stim proliferation of mesangial and endothelial cells)
  • subepithelial dense deposits (humps) with subendothelial and mesangial deposition (less visible)

**usually recover without consequences**

A

PostInfectious Glomerulonephritis

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14
Q
  • granulomatous lesions of nose, sinuses, and lungs
  • elevated C-ANCA
  • focal glomerular necrosis with crescents and vasculitis
A

Wegener Granulomatosis- presents as rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (RPGN)

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15
Q
  • glomerular sclerosis affection some portions of some glomeruli
  • most common renal complication of IV drug abuse
  • proteinuria
  • when associated with HIV is severe and rapidly progressing
A

Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis

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16
Q

released by renal interstitial peritubular cells in response to hypoxia/shock

A

erythropoietin

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17
Q
  • pathologic changes in some glomeruli and not others
  • mesangial proliferation
  • Causes: lupus nephritis, nephritis with vasculitides, Henloch Shonlein purpura, Berger Disease
A

focal proliferative glomerulonephritis

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18
Q
  • Dense deposits within the basement membrane
  • Nephritic Syndrome
  • Mesangial and Capillary BM proliferation
  • autoantibody that stabilizes C3 convertase (C3 nephritic factor)
A

Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis Type 2 (Dense Deposit Disease)

19
Q
  • capillary loops are thickened (IgG subepithelial deposition) but NOT HYPERCELLULAR
  • most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in adults
  • hyaline casts in urine
  • Causes: paraneoplastic syndrome, SLE, hep B, penicillamine
A

membranous glomerulopathy/nephropathy

20
Q
  • Nephritis
  • hematuria with deafness
  • eye/lens sclerosis
  • Mutation in Type 4 collagen
  • irregularly thickened GBM on EM
A

Alport Syndrome

21
Q

Most common cause of acute pyelonephritis?

A

gram negative bacteria (E Coli)

22
Q
  • Thyroidization of the kidney (eosinophilic hyaline casts)
  • History of recurrent pyelonephritis
A

Chronic Pyelonephritis

23
Q
  • diffuse mesangial matrix expansion
  • focal, segmental, nodular, and sclerotic lesions
  • eventually results in progressive renal failure
A

Diabetic Glomerulosclerosis

24
Q

Severe cases of acute pyelonephritis may cause…

-Sx: acute onset of excruciating groin and flank pain

A

acute papillary necrosis

25
- begins approx 2 weeks after drug admin - infiltrate of T cells and eosinophils - type 4 cell mediated immune reaction - presents as rapidly progressive renal failure - full recovery with d/c of drug
Acute tubulointerstitial nephritis
26
- painless hematuria - hx of CAD and peripheral vascular disease
Cortical Infarct
27
Term used when ischemia in the kidney is more widespread (ex: from hypovolemia)
Necrosis
28
- HTN - Proteinuria - Edema - Pregnant
Pre-eclampsia
29
Pre-Eclampsia + seizures
Eclampsia
30
- necrosis of tubular epithelial cells - caused by ischemia (hypotension) or toxic injury (heavy metals, organic solvents, or contrast agents)
Acute Tubular Necrosis
31
- Hyalinized Glomeruli - tubulues are atrophic or fibrotic - Hx of HTN - progressive renal failure - shruken kidneys with finely granular surface
Nephrosclerosis
32
- Onion skinning of small renal arteries - high Hct, Hgb - Chronic progressice renal failure \*\*All of this is a result of....\*\*
Malignant HTN
33
-Stenosis of renal arteries leading to HTN is caused by the release of _______ from _________ cells in the kidney
- renin - juxtaglomerular apparatus
34
- Fever, Abd pain, and bloody diarrhea - traced to eating a certain food from a restaurant - Development of acute renal failure - From Shiga toxin producing strains of E Coli
Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome
35
- rash - arthralgias - oliguria - hematuria
Henoch-Schonlein Purpura
36
- Most common cancer of the kidney - spreads to lung and bones most frequently - originates from renal tubule tissue
Renal Cell Carcinoma
37
- Mutated gene in clear cell renal cell carcinoma - Clear b/c filled with glycogen and fat
-VHL
38
- Unilateral abdominal mass in infant - blastemal, stromal, and epithelial tissues
Wilms Tumor
39
- Unilateral abdominal mass on child - high levels of vanillylmandelic acid in urine
Neuroblastoma
40
-Most common type of stone in nephrolithiasis in US
Calcium Oxalate
41
- Staghorn calculi composed of? - usually a result of?
- Magnesium Ammonium Phosphate stones - result of infection
42
-Direct complication of vaso-occlusive disease (sickle cell anemia)
renal papillary necrosis
43
- Antigens in hyperacute graft rejection? - Antigens in acute and chronic graft rejection?
- ABO antigens - HLA molecules
44
- Child w/ hx of HTN - segmental stenoses w/ multiple ridges projecting into lumen of renal artery - "string of beads" pattern
Fibromuscular Dysplasia