Endocrine

Question 1

Which of the following statements regarding complications of diabetes is NOT correct?
a. Retinopathy is a disease of the retinal microvasculature.
b. Diabetic ketoacidosis is an acute complication.
c. Stroke is a microvascular complication.
d. Neuropathy is a microvascular complication.

Answer 1

Answer: c
Stroke is a MACRO-vascular complication.

Question 2

Which one of the following regarding therapeutic target values in a patient with metabolic syndrome is NOT correct?
a. Target HbA1c is <4%
b. Target post-prandial blood sugar is <8mmol/l
c. Target fasting blood sugar is <6mmol/l
d. Target BP is <130mmHg systolic and <80mmHg diastolic

Answer 2

Answer: a
Normal HbA1c = <5.7%
Metabolic syndrome target HbA1c = <7%
<4% =0,04 hypoglycaemia

Question 3

Which one of the following statements regarding type of diabetes is NOT correct?
a. Beta cell destruction in type 1 has a genetic component.
b. Type 2 diabetes is usually associated with auto-immunity.
c. Histology of the pancreas is normal in type 2 diabetes.
d. Beta cell destruction may be associated with a preceding viral infection.

Answer 3

Answer: b
Type 1 diabetes = Autoimmune disease

Question 4

Which one of the following is NOT found in diabetic patients?
a. Neuropathy affecting the motor nerves.
b. Glaucoma.
c. Nephrotic syndrome.
d. Autonomic nerve dysfunction affecting the bladder.

Answer 4

Answer: c
Neuropathy = Kidney disease

Question 5

Which one of the following statements regarding the pancreas is NOT correct?
a. Beta cell secretion are catabolic.
b. Glucagon raises blood sugar levels.
c. The pancreas secretes hormones.
d. The pancreas secretes digestive enzymes.

Answer 5

Answer: a
Beta cells = release insulin = lowers blood glucose levels = ANABOLIC effect