Inflammation Flashcards
(9 cards)
Which of the following is NOT a classic sign of inflammation?
a. Odor
b. Calor
c. Dolor
d. Tumour
Answer: a
Odor is NOT a classic sign of inflammation.
Physical characteristics of acute inflammation:
* Rubor (redness)
* Calor (heat)
* Tumour (swelling)
* Dolor (pain)
* Functio laesa (loss of function)
(Slide 6 - Inflammation)
Which one of the following statements regarding chronic inflammation is NOT correct?
a. Chronic inflammation involves proliferation of blood vessels (angiogenesis).
b. Neutrophils are the dominant cell type in chronic inflammation.
c. Acute inflammation may be a precursor.
d. Chronic inflammation involves more tissue destruction than acute.
Answer: b
(T) Lymphocytes, plasma cells and macrophages predominate.
(Slide 14 - Inflammation
Neutrophils are dominant in ACUTE inflammation.
Which one of the following is NOT a component of the initial increased blood flow phase of inflammation?
a. Significant effects on vascular smooth muscle.
b. Increased vascular permeability.
c. Release of histamine.
d. Release of NO (nitric oxide).
Answer: (?) d
Nitric Oxide is involved as a vasodilator BUT slide 9 (inflammation) does not include it as a chemical mediator in acute inflammation.
Which one of the following statements regarding the cellular elements of inflammation is NOT correct?
a. Necrotic tissue is eliminated.
b. Growth factors are released.
c. Foreign substances are eliminated.
d. Macrophages are able to phagocytose whereas neutrophils are not.
Answer: d
BOTH macrophages and neutrophils are capable of phagocytosis.
Which one of the following statements regarding cell mediators of chronic inflammation is NOT correct?
a. T-cells secrete cytokines.
b. B-cells produce antibodies.
c. Macrophages are involved in scar formation.
d. Immune reactions produced by eosinophils are typically mediated by IgG.
Answer: d
Eosinophils = IgE = parasitic infections and allergic reactions.
- Macrophages - involved in tissue destruction and repair - they secrete growth factors and cytokines that contribute to fibrosis and scar formation.
Which one of the following statements regarding chronic inflammation is NOT correct?
a. Atherosclerosis has a chronic inflammatory component.
b. Acute inflammation is a prerequisite for the development of chronic inflammation.
c. Chronic inflammation may be asymptomatic in the early stages.
d. Tuberculosis is typically associated with chronic inflammation.
Answer: b
Chronic inflammation can arise WITHOUT a preceding acute phase.
Examples: autoimmune diseases, prolonged exposure to irritants, and some persistent infections like TB.
- TB = Chronic granulomatous inflammatory disease.
Which one of the following statements regarding the role of neutrophils is NOT correct?
a. Phagocytosis involves the ‘ingestion’ of opsonised microorganisms.
b. Intracellular killing involves free radicals.
c. Intracellular killing involves lysosomal enzymes.
d. Neutrophils release interleukin-1 (IL-1) and tumour necrosis factor (TNF).
Answer: d
Macrophages and monocytes = IL-1 and TNF
Which one of the following is NOT a clinical consequence of chronic inflammation?
a. Night sweats
b. Anaemia
c. Hypogammaglobulinaemia
d. Raised C-reactive protein (CRP)
Answer: c
Hypogammaglobulinaemia = Immunodeficiency NOT inflammation
Which one of the following statements regarding acute inflammation is NOT correct?
a. It is associated with decreased fluid in the extravascular space.
b. Inflammation is closely tied to healing and repair.
c. A defining characteristic of acute inflammation is the reaction of blood vessels.
d. Inflammation is a protective mechanism that destroys harmful agents.
Answer: a
Acute inflammation = INCREASED fluid in extravascular space
