Endocrine

Question 1

Diabetes Mellitus

Answer 1

insufficiency of insulin

Question 2

Common sign of Diabetes mellitus?

Answer 2

weight loss

Question 3

Aldosterone deficiency

Answer 3

decrease in plasma volume leading to dehyradtion

Question 4

Anorexia, abdominal pain, weight loss, lethargy, hypotension, weak pulse, and impaired stress tolerance are all characteristic of what deficiency?

Answer 4

cortisol deficiency

Question 5

Loss of body hair, impotence, menstrual and fertility disorder are all characteristic of what disorder?

Answer 5

Sex hormone deficiency

Question 6

Hypoparathyroidism

Answer 6

Decrease in PTH production thus a decrease in CA levels (CA is deposited in bones and excreted)

Question 7

Tingling of fingers, Chvostek sign, and Trousseau’s sign are all characteristic of what disorder?

Answer 7

Acute Hypocalcemia

Question 8

What is Chvostek’s sign?

Answer 8

Tapping on the jawline and a tic will appear on the upper lip

Question 9

What is Trousseau’s sign?

Answer 9

Apply a BP cuff for 3 minutes and the wrist and metacarpals will flex and all the fingers will move in a manner as if you are picking something up

Question 10

Fatigue, weakness, personality changes, dry scaly skin, cardiac arrythmia, and cataract are all characteristic of what disorder?

Answer 10

Chronic Hypocalcemia

Question 11

Hyperparathyroidism

Answer 11

Increased PTH production thus an increased level of CA resulting in hypercalcemia

Question 12

Tumor or hyperplasia of the parathyroid gland?

Answer 12

Primary hyperparathyroidism/hypercalcemia

Question 13

Compensatory oversecretion of PTH in response to hypocalcemia

Answer 13

Secondary hyperparathyroidism/hypercalcemia

Question 14

Bone pain in back, fractures, muscle weakness, personality changes, depression, and cardiac arrythmias are all characteristic of what disorder?

Answer 14

Hyperparathyroidism/Hypercalcemia

Question 15

What 2 characteristics are unique to hyperparathyroid?

Answer 15

Depression and personality changes

Question 16

List hormones from anterior pituitary gland

Answer 16

TSH, ACTH, FSH, LH, GH (somatropin), PRL

Question 17

List hormones from posterior pituitary gland

Answer 17

ADH, oxytocin

Question 18

List hormones from thyroid gland

Answer 18

T3, T4, thryocalcitonin

Question 19

What causes Cushing’s Disease?

Answer 19

Increased ACTH

Question 20

What hormone has the opposite effect as calcitonin?

Answer 20

PTH

Question 21

PAL: Dwarfism (young) & Cachexia (adult):

Answer 21

Hypofunction of GH

Question 22

PAL: Gigantism (young) & Acromegaly (adult)

Answer 22

Hyperfunction of GH

Question 23

PAL: Atrophy of the adrenal cortex

Answer 23

Hypofunction of ACTH

Question 24

PAL: Cushing’s Disease

Answer 24

Hyperfunction of ACTH

Question 25

PAL: Atrophy and depressed thyroid function

Answer 25

Hypofunction of TSH

Question 26

PAL: Grave's Disease

Answer 26

Hyperfunction of TSH

Question 27

PAL: Atrophy and infertility

Answer 27

Hypofunction of FSH

Question 28

PAL: Exaggerated function of sex organs

Answer 28

Hyperfunction of FSH

Question 29

PAL: Underdevelopment of mammary glands

Answer 29

Hypofunction of PRL

Question 30

PAL: Decreased Milk Production

Answer 30

Hyperfunction of PRL

Question 31

Dwarfism (young) & Cachexia (adult):

Answer 31

Hypofunction of GH

Question 32

Gigantism (young) & Acromegaly (adult)

Answer 32

Hyperfunction of GH

Question 33

Atrophy of the adrenal cortex

Answer 33

Hypofunction of ACTH

Question 34

Cushing's Disease

Answer 34

Hyperfunction of ACTH

Question 35

Atrophy and depressed thyroid function

Answer 35

Hypofunction of TSH

Question 36

Grave's Disease

Answer 36

Hyperfunction of TSH

Question 37

Atrophy and infertility

Answer 37

Hypofunction of FSH

Question 38

Exaggerated function of sex organs

Answer 38

Hyperfunction of FSH

Question 39

Underdevelopment of mammary glands

Answer 39

Hypofunction of PRL

Question 40

Decreased Milk Production

Answer 40

Hyperfunction of PRL

Question 41

What happens with eosinophilic tumor?

Answer 41

- hyperpituitarism (anterior pituitary) | - increased GH and PRL

Question 42

What happens with basophilic tumor?

Answer 42

- hyperpituitarism (anterior pituitary) | - increased TSH, FSH, MSH, ACTH (Cushing's disease)

Question 43

What happens with chromophobe tumor?

Answer 43

- hyperpituitarism (anterior pituitary) | - increased ACTH and GH

Question 44

What happens when too much TSH is released from anterior pituitary?

Answer 44

Grave's disease

Question 45

Name of dwarfism in adults

Answer 45

cachexia

Question 46

Explain how weight and appetite are affected with hypo vs. hyperthyroidism?

Answer 46

``` Hypo = weight increased, appetite decreased Hyper = weight decreased, appetite increased ```

Question 47

2 Cautions of Diabetes Insipidus

Answer 47

Restricted salt intake | Water intake restricted

Question 48

PPL: Diabetes Insipidus

Answer 48

Inappropriate diuretic hormone

Question 49

What is cretinism?

Answer 49

- hypothryoidism - called myxedema in adults - occurs in infants/young kids and leads to stunted growth physically and mentally

Question 50

Describe hypophosphatemia

Answer 50

- symptom of hyperthyroidism | - low levels of phosphate in blood