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Pass Program > Endocrine > Flashcards

Endocrine Flashcards

1
Q

What regulates sulfonylureas MOA?

A

ATP

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2
Q

What drugs can be used for a pregnant 2DM patient?

A

Insulin
Metformin
Sulfonylureas

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3
Q

steroid hormones are?

A 
Fat soluble 
No 2nd messenger 
Work via proteins 
Nuclear membrane receptor 
Affect DNA replication, transcription and translation
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4
Q

Protein hormones are?

A

Water soluble
Cell membrane receptors
Work via 2nd messengers

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5
Q

3 organs involved in RBC production

A

Bone marrow - synthesis
Lung - O2
Kidney - Epo

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6
Q

What is spurious polycythemia in the elderly?

A

Gaisbock syndrome (loss of plasma volume)

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7
Q

Signs for chronic hypoxia?

A

Mitochondria density increase in muscles
Angiogenesis
Clubbing

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8
Q

What vitamin would you put Polycythemic patients on?

A

Folate (rapidly dividing cells)

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9
Q

What are the treatments for polycythemia Vera?

A 
Hydroxyurea
Drink more water (dilute blood)
Phlebotomy 
Allopurinol 
Folic acid 
Aspirin
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10
Q

Ppl with hypertension die from what?

A

Stroke

AAA

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11
Q

Treatment for Conn’s syndrome

A

Spirinolactone

Surgery - remove adrenals

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12
Q

What is the treatment for Addison’s disease?

A

Hydrocortisone

Fludrocortisone

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13
Q

Most common cause of female pseudo hermaphroditism in children?

A

21 hydroxylase deficiency

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14
Q

What molecule acts just like Aldo?

A

11 DOC

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15
Q

What is permissive hormone under stress?

A

Cortisol

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16
Q

What is permissive hormone under normal conditions?

A

Thyroid hormone

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17
Q

What are drugs used to treat hirsuitism

A

Finasteride
Dutestoride
Ketoconazole
Spironolactone

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18
Q

Treatment for male patterned baldness?

A

Finasteride

Flutamide

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19
Q

2 organs that undergo gluconeogenesis

A

Liver

Adrenal cortex

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20
Q

5 places that store glycogen

A 
Skeletal muscle 
Liver
Adrenal cortex 
Heart
Intestine wall
21
Q

What is the diagnoses of neuroblastoma/pheochromocytoma?

A

Urine increase in products of DA (VMA, metanephrine, HVA)

22
Q

Tx of pheochromocytoma/neuroblastoma?

A

Phenoxybenzamine

Surgery

23
Q

Drug to safely drop bp in hypertensive patient?

A

Phentolamine (alpha blocker)

24
Q

Pheochromocytoma rule of 10’s

A 
10% malignant 
10% bilateral 
10% are in children 
10% are familial 
10% are metastatic at diagnoses
25
Q

Tissues that can absorb glucose w/o insulin?

A 
Brain
RBC
Intestinal wall
Cardiac/cornea
Kidney
Liver
Exercising muscles
26
Q

What drug do you use on any tumor secreting hormones?

A

Octreotide (somatostatin analog)

27
Q

4 causes of watery (secretory) diarrheas?

A

VIPoma
Vibrio cholera
ETEC
Cryptosporidium

28
Q

What drug decreases proteinuria in diabetics?

A

Ace Inhibitors

29
Q

What are 5 treatments for abdominal pathology?

A 
NPO
NG-tube
IV-NS
Meperidine
Abdominal x-Ray
30
Q

What is a glp-1 analog that slows down gastric emptying?

A

Exanatide

Liraglutaride

31
Q

What is the tx for dumping syndrome?

A

Small meals

32
Q

What are 3 places where we find somatostatin?

A

Duodenum
Hypoothalamus
Pancreas

33
Q

How do we know if a diarrhea is secretory or osmotic?

A

Make the patient NPO

34
Q

What 3 areas is gastrin found?

A

Antrum of stomach (g cells)
Pancreas
Duodenum

35
Q

What is the only GI hormone whose 2nd messenger is ca2+?

A

Gastrin

36
Q

What embryologic structures give you glands? Muscles?

A

Pouches -> glands

Arches -> muscle

37
Q

3 x-linked dominant diseases?

A

Pseudohypoparathyroidism
Pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency
Vitamin D resistant rickets

38
Q

Analog for calcitonin?

A

Bisphosphonate

39
Q

Most common cause of 2nd hyper parathyroidism?

A

Kidney failure

40
Q

Hyper parathyroidism of malignancy is due to?

A

Cytokines which act like PTH

41
Q

What is the main controller of PTH?

A

S ca2+ in blood stream

42
Q

What is the tx of osteoporosis?

A

Estrogen -1st line

Bisphosphanate - 2nd line

43
Q

Tx for osteopeyrosis?

A

Steroids

44
Q

Where is ALP made?

A

Bone cells
CBD
Placenta
Testes

45
Q

3 syndromes with marfanoid features?

A

Marfan’s syndrome
MEN 3 or 2b
Homocysteinuria

46
Q

Signs for anti-cholinergic

A

Hot, dry skin and hyperthermia

47
Q

What does increased ICP cause?

A

Increased PRL, ADH

48
Q

What TX is used for prolactinomas

A

Bromocriptine

Carbigoline

49
Q

What are periods of rapid growth

A

0-2
4-7
Puberty

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