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Flashcards in Endocrine Deck (24)
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1
Q

Major components of endocrine system

A
Hypothalamus
Pituitary gland (3 lobes)
Pineal gland
Thyroid
Parathyroid
Thymus
Heart atria
Liver
Pancreas
Adrenal glands
Kidneys
Gonads
Skin
2
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Mnemonic: SaD - antagonistic to AP

  • Somatostatin; GH-inhibiting hormone (GHIH)
  • antagonistic
  • Dopamine (DA)

Releasing hormones (4):

  • Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
  • Corticotropic-releasing hormone (CHR)
  • Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH)
  • Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)

Neuronsecretory via neurohypophysis:

  • oxytocin (OXT)
  • vasopressin (AVP); anti-diuretic hormone (ADH)
3
Q

Pituitary (hypophysis) lobes

A

Adenohypophysis (anterior pit.)
Pars Intermedia (intermediate pit.)
Neurohypophysis (posterior pit.)

4
Q

Anterior pituitary

adenohypophysis

A

Mnemonic: FLAT PeG

follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
luteinizing hormone (LH)
adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
prolactin
β-endorphin
growth hormone (GH)
5
Q
Intermediate pituitary
(pars intermedia)
A

melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH)

6
Q

Posterior pituitary

neurohypophysis

A

oxytocin (OXT)
vasopressin (AVP)
-aka anti-diuretic hormone (ADH)

Neurosecretory neurons from hypothalamus traverse into neurohyposhysis where OXT and AVP/ADH are stored and secreted.

7
Q

Pineal gland

A

melatonin

8
Q

Thyroid

A

triiodothyronine (T3)
tetraiodothyronine (T4)
calcitonin

9
Q

Parathyroid

A
parathyroid hormone (PTH)
     -aka parathormone
10
Q

Thymus

A

thymosin

thymopoietin

11
Q

Heart

A

Atrial cardiac myocytes:

  • atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)
  • brain natriuretic peptide (BNP)

Atrial baroreceptors sense low BP:

  • signals hypothalamus -> ADH
  • signals juxtaglomerular cells -> renin
12
Q

Liver

A

angiotensinogen
insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1)
thrombopoietin (THPO)

13
Q

Pancreas

A
insulin
glucagon
somatostatin
ghrelin
amylin
pancreatic polypeptide
14
Q

Adrenal glands (divisions)

A

cortex

medulla

15
Q

Adrenal cortex

A

mineralocorticoids
glucocorticoids
gonadocorticoids

16
Q

Adrenal medulla

A

epinephrine (adrenaline)

norepinephrine (noradrenaline)

17
Q

Kidney

A

renin enzyme
erythropoietin (EPO)
calcitriol
thrombopoietin (THPO)

18
Q

Female reproductive system

A

Ovaries
Uterus (when pregnant)
Placenta (when pregnant)

19
Q

Ovaries

A

progesterone
estrogens
androstenedione
inhibin

20
Q

Uterus (when pregnant)

A

prolactin

relaxin

21
Q

Placenta (when pregnant)

A
progesterone
estrogens
human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG)
human placental lactogen
activins
inhibin
22
Q

Testes

A

testosterone

other androgens

23
Q

Skin

A

calcidiol

24
Q

3 main classes of hormones

A

Steroids hormones
Peptide/protein hormones
Amine hormones