Endocrine Anatomy

Question 1

What is the hollow in the skull that the pituitary sits in and in what bone of the skull is it situated?

Answer 1

Hypofosseal in sphenoid bone.

Question 2

What are the main endocrine organs in the body?

Answer 2

Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Pituitary gland
Adrenal glands 
Pancreas
Ovaries 
Testes

Question 3

Where does the optic chasm lie in relation to pituitary gland?

Answer 3

Directly above, 1cm above pituitary fossa.

Question 4

What would the visual defect be due to pituitary gland enlargement?

Answer 4

bitemporal hemianopia

Question 5

How is the pituitary gland connected to the hypothalamus?

Answer 5

Pituitary stalk

Question 6

What does the pituitary gland consist of?

Answer 6

Anterior lobe
Posterior lobe
Pituitary stalk

Question 7

Which is the larger of the 2 lobes?

Answer 7

Anterior lobe

Question 8

Which lobe is glandular and manufactures numerous hormones?

Answer 8

Anterior lobe

Question 9

Anterior pituitary:

What are the types of cells present and what do they secret and what is their target organ?

Answer 9

Acidophil:
Classes:
1. Somatotrophs secrete GH to general epiphyseal growth plate.
2. Mammtrophs secrete prolactin to breast

Basophil:
Classes:
1. Corticotrophs secrete ACTH and -MSH to adrenal cortex and -melanocytes.
2. Thyrotrophs - secrete TSH to the thyroid
3. Gonadotrophs - secrete FSH and -LH to ovaries and testes and -developing follicles

Question 10

Arterial blood supply is from where?

Answer 10

Branches of ICA - superior hypophyseal artery and inferior hypophyseal artery.

Question 11

What does the inferior hypophyseal artery supply?

Answer 11

Posterior pituitary gland

Question 12

What supplies the anterior pituitary gland?

Answer 12

Hypophyseal artery - breaking up into capillaries which then supply the gland

Question 13

How does the hypothalamus communicate with the anterior pituitary?

Answer 13

Hypophyseal portal system

Question 14

Where does the thyroid gland lie?

Answer 14

C5 - T1 between cricoid cartilage and 6th tracheal ring.

Question 15

Where does the isthmus lie?

Answer 15

Opposite the 2nd to 4th tracheal rings.

Question 16

Name 3 strap muscles that overlie the thyroid gland?

Answer 16

Omohyoid
Sternothyroid
Sternohyoid

Question 17

From which major artery in neck does superior thyroid artery arise?

Answer 17

1st branch of ECA

Question 18

What is the inferior thyroid artery a branch of?

Answer 18

Subclavian artery

Question 19

Into which vein does these drain into:

1. Superior thyroid vein
2. Middle thyroid vein
3. Inferior thyroid vein

Answer 19

1. Internal jugular vein
2. IJV
3. Brachiocephalic vein

Question 20

What type of cell lines the follicle?

Answer 20

Thin connective tissue

Question 21

What colour does colloid stain in H&E stain?

Answer 21

Pink

Question 22

What hormones does the thyroid secrete?

Answer 22

Thyroxine T4

Triiodothyronine T3

Question 23

How are the adrenal glands separated from the kidney?

Answer 23

Capsule

Question 24

Where do adrenal glands lie in relation to peritoneum?

Answer 24

Retroperitoneal

Question 25

What are the 2 parts of the adrenal gland?

Answer 25

Cortex and medulla