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2nd Year > Head and Neck Anatomy > Flashcards

Head and Neck Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Most common type of joint seen between most bones in the skull

A

Fibrous joint

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2
Q

Skull divided into 3 parts

A

neuro-cranium, facial skull, mandible

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3
Q

Structure of skull bone

A

compact bone - spongy bone (houses red marrow) - compact bone

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4
Q

Sagittal suture

A

Lies between the right and left parietal bones

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5
Q

Coronal suture

A

Lies between frontal and parietal bones

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6
Q

Lambdoid suture

A

Lies between occipital bone with R and L parietal and temporal

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7
Q

what bone is the occipital protuberance part of

A

occipital bone

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8
Q

what bone is the mastoid process part of

A

temporal bone

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9
Q

what bones make up the zygomatic arch

A

temporal and zygomatic

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10
Q

what bones is the styloid process part of

A

temporal bone

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11
Q

what bone is the occipital condyles part of

A

maxilla

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12
Q

Cranial cavity is made up of 3 fossae

A

anterior cranial fossa
middle cranial fossa
posterior cranial fossa

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13
Q

Largest foramen in posterior cranial fossa

A

foramen magnum

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14
Q

Name 2 structures that pass through foramen magnum

A

spinal cord

left and right vertebral arteries

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15
Q

Where are the ear ossicles found

A

petrous part of the temporal bone

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16
Q

5 layers of the SCALP

A 
Skin
Connective tissue (blood vessels present)
Aponeurosis of the occipital muscle
Loose connective tissue 
Periosteum / Pericranium
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17
Q

Nerve supply of the anterior part of the scalp

A

All 3 Branches of the trigeminal nerve

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18
Q

Nerve supply of the posterior half of the scalp

A

cutaneous branches of cervical spinal nerves C2 and C3

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19
Q

what is diploe

A

spongy bone - separating layers of compact bone

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20
Q

innervation of muscles of facial expression

A

cranial nerve VII - Facial nerve

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21
Q

Name the 3 salivary glands

A

Parotid (largest)
sublingual
submandibular

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22
Q 
Parotid Gland (exocrine)
where does it lie
A

long base of the gland overlies the anterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle
extends superiorly to zygomatic arch
inferiorly extends to angle of mandible
apex of pyramid lies over the masseter
posteriorly extends anterior to external auditory meatus

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23
Q

Structures entering and leaving the gland

A

Facial nerve
external carotid artery
retromandibular vein

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24
Q

Innervation of the parotid gland

A

receives both sympathetic (originates from cervical ganglia) and parasympathetic innervation.

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25
Q

What bone does the facial artery wind around to reach the face

A

mandible

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26
Q

what muscle on side of the face lies immediately posterior to the facial artery as it enters onto the face

A

buccinator

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27
Q

what gland does facial artery groove just before entering the face

A

submandibular

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28
Q

The neck can be described as having 4 compartments

A

Vertebral compartment
vascular compartment
visceral compartment
outer musculofascial collar

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29
Q

What structures pass through the foramen transversarium

A

vertebral arteries and venous sympathetic plexus

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30
Q

what is the vertebra prominens

A

7th vertebra - prominent spinous process

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31
Q

Boundaries of anterior triangle of the neck

A

superiorly - lower border of body of mandible
posteriorly - anterior margin of sternocleidomastoid
anteriorly - midline of neck from chin to jugular notch

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32
Q

Boundaries of posterior triangle of neck

A

anteriorly - posterior border of sternocleidomastoid
posteriorly - anterior border of trapezius
inferiorly - omohyoid muscle

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33
Q

Contents of the anterior triangle

A

submandibular
submental
carotid

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34
Q

contents of the posterior triangle

A

branches of posterior rami of cervical spinal nerves

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35
Q

what are the attachments of sternocleidomastoid

A

manubrium and medial portion of clavicle

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36
Q

If the right sternocleidomastoid contracted what would happen

A

head tilt right

face turn left

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37
Q

trapezius muscle actions

A

elevates
depresses
rotates and retracts scapula

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38
Q

Which cranial nerve innervates the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius

A

XI - accessory

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39
Q

where is the arterial blood supply to the head and neck coming from

A

common carotid artery

runs in the anterior triangle of the neck within the carotid sheath

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40
Q

which artery is the CCA a branch of

A

right side - brachiocephalic trunks

left side - aorta

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41
Q

2 structures that occupy the carotid sheath

A

Internal Jugular Vein

vagus nerve

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42
Q

At what level does the CCA divide into ECA and ICA

A

C4

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43
Q

Which branch of CCA gives off branches in the neck

A

ECA

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44
Q

Which branch of CCA is most lateral in the neck

A

ICA

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45
Q

What are the 2 terminal branches of the ECA (given off within the face)

A

Maxillary and superficial temporal artery

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46
Q

IJV

A

internal jugular vein runs in the carotid sheath - arises from the jugular venous sinus (drains to brain). It emerges from jugular foramen.

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47
Q

EJV

A

external jugular vein is a superficial vein draining the scalp and face. Drains into the subclavian.

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48
Q

what muscles are attached to the hyoid bone

A

suprahyoid muscles
infra hyoid muscles
intrinsic muscles (muscles of tongue)
pharyngeal constrictor (muscle of pharynx)

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49
Q

Supra hyoid muscles

A

mylohyoid - mylohyid nerve
geniohyoid muscle - C1 - hypoglossal nerve
digastric - trigeminal and facial
stylohyoid muscle - facial nerve

50
Q

Infra hyoid muscles

A

sternohyoid (C1 - C3)
sternothyroid
thyrohyoid (C1)
omohyoid (C1-C3)

51
Q

ansa cervicalis

A

loop of nerves part of the cervical plexus

52
Q

cervical plexus

A

C1-C4

phrenic nerve emerges and travels down through the thorax.

53
Q

Thyroid gland

A

endocrine gland located at the front of the neck.
made up of left and right lobe and isthmus (anterior to 2nd and 3rd tracheal rings)
lies in the visceral compartment of thyroid gland

54
Q

The roof of the nose (lined by olfactory mucosa) is formed from what anterior to posterior

A

the nasal bones, part of the frontal bone as well as the ethmoid bone (contains cribriform) and the body of the sphenoid bone.

55
Q

The floor of the nasal cavity is formed from what

A

palatine processes of the maxillae and the palatine bones which form the hard palate. extended posteriorly by the soft palate

56
Q

what 2 bones form the nasal septum and what structure lies anterior to these and completes nasal septum

A

vomer
perpendicular plate of ethmoid
Maxillary crest lies anterior.

57
Q

The ethmoid bone:

A

cribriform plate (olfactory nerve bundles passing through)
the crust gali (attaches to fall cerebra)
the central plate
the superior and middle conchae
ethmoid air cells

58
Q

what kind of epithelium forms the respiratory mucosa which lines most of the nasal cavity

A

ciliated pseudostartified columnar

59
Q

what are the 3 projections on the lateral wall of the nasal cavity

A

conchae

60
Q

The space inferior to each concha is called

A

meatus

61
Q

What is the name given to space above superior concha

A

sphenoethmoidal recess

62
Q

What bone are the superior and middle conchae parts of

A

ethmoid bone

63
Q

What opens into the spheno-ethmoid recess

A

sphenoid sinus

64
Q

What opens into the superior meatus

A

posterior ethmoid air cells

65
Q

what opens into the middle meatus

A

frontal sinus
maxillary sinus
middle ethmoidal air cells
anterior ethmoidal air cells

66
Q

which bone forms the roof of the nasopharynx

A

underside of sphenoid and basal part of occipital bone

67
Q

2 important structures that lie in the nasopharynx

A

A collection of lymphoid tissue - adenoid or nasopharyngeal tonsil
The orifice of eustachian tube lies on the side-wall

68
Q

6 main parts of the mandible

A 
Coronoid process
head of mandible 
mandibular foramen 
angle of mandible
mental foramen
mental protuberance
69
Q

Teeth in kids

A

Incisor - 8
canines - 4
molars - 18

70
Q

Teeth in adults

A

incisor - 8
canines - 4
premolars - 8
molars - 12

71
Q

What type of joint is the temporomandibular joint

A

modified-hinge synovial

72
Q

2 articular processes that form the TMJ

A

mandibular fossa of the temporal bone

condylar process of the mandible

73
Q

what movements of the mandible occur at the TMJ

A 
Elevation
Depression
Protrusion
Retraction
Side to side movements
74
Q

Muscles of mastication

A

Temporalis
Masseter
Medial pterygoids
Lateral pterygoid

75
Q

Bony attachments of the temporalis muscle

A

Temporal fossa

Coronoid process of mandible

76
Q

When the anterior fibres of the temporalis contract what happens to the mandible

A

elevation

77
Q

When the posterior fibres of the temporalis contract what happens to the mandible

A

retrusion

78
Q

Bony attachments of the masseter

A

mandibular body

outer surface of the rams and coronoid process of the mandible

79
Q

What is the masseter’s action on the mandible

A

elevates it

80
Q

Where do the pterygoid muscles attach to

A

lateral pterygoid plate

81
Q

Elevation (close mouth) of the mandible happens due to what muscles

A

masseter
temporalis
medial pterygoid

82
Q

Depression (open mouth) of the mandible happens due to what muscles

A

lateral pterygoid
supra hyoid
infrahyoid muscles

83
Q

Protrusion (protrude chin) of the mandible happens due to what muscles

A

lateral pterygoid
masseter
medial pterygoid

84
Q

Retraction (retrude chin) of the mandible happens due to what muscles

A

Temporalis

masseter

85
Q

Side to side movements of the mandible happens due to what muscles

A

temporalis of same side
masseter
pterygoids of opposite side

86
Q

The vestibule of the oral cavity refers to what

A

space between lips and teeth

87
Q

Orbicularis oris does what

A

contractions causes closing/pursing of the lips

88
Q

what is the name of the posterior opening of the oral cavity

A

oropharyngeal isthmus

89
Q

innervation of the muscles of mastication

A

mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve - carries both sensory and motor fibres

90
Q

what 2 bones form the hard palate

A

maxilla and sphenoid

91
Q

muscles of the soft palate

A 
levator veli palatini
palatoglossus
palatopharyngeous
superior pharyngeal constrictor
tensor veli palatine
*tense and elevate soft palate
92
Q

What is the nerve supply to the soft palate muscles

A

pharyngeal branch of vagus

93
Q

Functions of the tongue

A

moving food during chewing
swallowing
mastication
articulation

94
Q

What divides the tongue into anterior 2/3 and posterior 1/3

A

V shaped sulcus called terminals

95
Q

What is the embryological significance of the foramen caecum

A

thyroid gland is developed from this

96
Q

3 types of papillae (surface projections) of the tongue

A

filiform (no taste buds)
fungiform
vallate papillae

97
Q

sensory innervation of anterior 2/3 of tongue

A

mandibular division of trigeminal nerve.

taste from chorda tympani branch of facial nerve

98
Q

sensory innervation of posterior 1/3 of tongue

A

glossopharyngeal nerve.

99
Q

What are extrinsic muscles of the tongue and what do they do to the tongue

A

attach from the tongue to surrounding bones of soft palate - change the position of the tongue

100
Q

What are intrinsic muscles of the tongue and what do they do to the tongue

A

originate and insert within the tongue - alters shape of the tongue

101
Q

Genioglossus muscle attachment and action:

A

inner surface of the mandible close to the midline

protrudes tongue to opposite side

102
Q

Hypoglossus muscle attachment and action:

A

upper border of body of mandible

depresses

103
Q

Styloglossus muscle attachment and action:

A

stylohoid ligament

retracts

104
Q

Palatoglossus muscle attachment and action:

A

soft palate

helps to narrow oropharynx in swallowing

105
Q

Parotid salivary glands innervation

A

Glossopharyngeal nerve

106
Q

Submandibular salivary gland innervation

A

Chorda tympani nerve - facial nerve

107
Q

Sublingual salivary gland innervation

A

Chords tympani nerve - facial nerve

108
Q

With which structure does the larynx continue with superiorly

A

oropharynx

109
Q

what does the larynx continue with inferiorly

A

trachea

110
Q

prominence of which cartilage makes the adams apple

A

laryngeal prominence - thyroid

111
Q

which cartilage is a complete ring shaped cartilage

A

cricoid

112
Q

What forms the laryngeal inlet

A

free curved edges of epiglottis
corniculit cartilages
arytenoid cartilage
interariteroid fold

113
Q

Nerve supply to the intrinsic muscles of the larynx

A

recurrent laryngeal nerve (branch of vagus), except for the cricothyroid muscle.

114
Q

Cricothyroid muscle nerve supply

A

superior laryngeal nerve (branch of the vagus)

115
Q

What is the sensory nerve supply to the mucous membrane of the larynx

A

superior laryngeal nerve

116
Q

Vocal cords during normal respiration are

A

abducted

117
Q

vocal cords during rapid breathing are

A

fully abducted

118
Q

vocal cords during speaking/singing are

A

adducted

119
Q

What prevents the bolus from entering into the nasopharynx

A

uvula and soft palate

120
Q

what prevents the bolus from entering the larynx

A

epiglottis

121
Q

The pharynx has 3 layers what are they

A 
1. Outer muscular layer:
outer circular layer - formed by 3 constrictors - superior, middle, and inferior constrictor (arranged one inside the other)
Inner longitudinal layer:
stylopharyngess
salpingopharyngeus
palato pharyngeus
2. middle fibrous layer
3. inner mucous membrane
122
Q

Branches of what 2 cranial nerves form the pharyngeal plexus

A

Vagus (provides most motor innervation) and Accessory (sensory to pharynx)

2nd Year (27 decks)

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