Eye and Ear anatomy

Question 1

What 7 bones form the orbit

Answer 1

Ethmoid
Lacrimal 
Palatine
Maxilla
Zygomatic 
Frontal 
Sphenoid

Question 2

What passes through the optic foramen

Answer 2

Optic nerve

Ophthalmic artery

Question 3

What passes through the Superior Orbital Fissure

Answer 3

IV nerve 
VI nerve 
Ophthalmic division of V nerve 
III nerve 
ophthalmic veins

Question 4

What passes through the Inferior orbital fissure

Answer 4

Maxillary division of V nerve

Question 5

What air sinus are in close proximity to the walls of the orbit

Answer 5

Frontal sinus
Ethmoid sinus
Maxillary sinus

Question 6

What are the main contents of the orbit

Answer 6

Eyeball 
Extrinsic ocular muscles 
Ligaments supporting the eye 
Branches of ophthalmic artery 
The lacrimal apparatus 
Blood vessels

Question 7

The eye: what is in the outer fibrous layer

Answer 7

1. Sclera
2. Cornea
   Complete layer

Question 8

The eye: what is in the middle vascular layer

Answer 8

1. Choroid
2. Ciliary body
3. Iris
   It is incomplete anteriorly
   Anterior aperture in the iris is the pupil

Question 9

The eye: What is in the Inner sensory layer

Answer 9

Retina

Present posteriorly but anteriorly it stops short just in front of equator of the eye

Question 10

What does the crystalline lens do

Answer 10

Divides the eye into an anterior and posterior segment

Question 11

What is the watery fluid in the anterior segment called

Answer 11

Aqueous humor

Question 12

What is the gel in the posterior segment called

Answer 12

Vitreous humor

Question 13

What part of the eye produces aqueous humour

Answer 13

Fibrous layer

Question 14

Intrinsic muscles of the eye: where is the ciliaris located, what does it do, and how is it innervated

Answer 14

Location - ciliary body
Action - Accommodation
Innervation - parasympathetic via cranial nerve III

Question 15

Where is the constrictor papillae located, what does it do, and how is it innervated

Answer 15

Location - Pupillary border of iris
Action - Constricts
Innervation - Parasympathetic via cranial nerve III

Question 16

Where is the Dilator pupillae located, what does it do, and how is it innervated

Answer 16

Location - radially running muscle in iris
Action - Dilates
Innervation - sympathetic innervation

Question 17

Eye movements: name the movements of the eye

Answer 17

Elevation (looking up)
Depression (looking down)
Adduction (Looking medially)
Abduction (looking laterally) 
Intortion (towards the nose)
Extortion (away from the nose)

Question 18

Extrinsic muscles of the eye: action of the medial rectus

Answer 18

Adduction

Question 19

Action of the Lateral rectus muscle

Answer 19

Abduction

Question 20

Action of the superior recuts muscle

Answer 20

Elevation
Adduction
Intorsion

Question 21

Action of the inferior rectus muscle

Answer 21

Depression
Adduction
Extorsion

Question 22

Action of the superior oblique

Answer 22

Depression
Abduction
Intorsion

Question 23

Action of the inferior oblique

Answer 23

Extorsion
Elevation
Abduction

Question 24

Which is the only muscle that doesn’t arise from the posterior aspect of the orbit

Answer 24

Inferior oblique

Question 25

What ligaments prevent over-adduction and over-abduction o the eye

Answer 25

Medial and lateral check ligament

Question 26

What is the function of the suspensory ligament of the eye

Answer 26

Fine tune | Focus on near or distant objects

Question 27

What branch of the ICA supplies the orbit and the eye

Answer 27

opthalmic

Question 28

The Ear: 4 main structures

Answer 28

1. tympanic membrane 2. Malleus 3. incus 4. Stapes Auditory ossicles = Malleus, Incus and Stapes

Question 29

What type of joint is found between the ossicles

Answer 29

synovial joint

Question 30

Which ossicle is in contact with the tympanic membrane

Answer 30

malleus

Question 31

which ossicle is in contact with the oval window

Answer 31

Stapes (base attached to margins of oval window)

Question 32

Name 2 muscles that are related to the ossicles

Answer 32

Tensor tympani and stapedius

Question 33

Within which part of the temporal bone do the middle and inner ear lie

Answer 33

petrous part

Question 34

What are the bone lined chambers called within the ear

Answer 34

bony labyrinth

Question 35

What are the series of membranous chambers that are inside the bony labyrinth

Answer 35

membranous labyrinth

Question 36

What fluid lies within the bony labyrinth

Answer 36

perilymph

Question 37

What fluid lies within the membranous labyrinth

Answer 37

endolymph

Question 38

Through which foramen does the facial nerve exit the posterior cranial fossa

Answer 38

internal acoustic foramen

Question 39

Where does the facial nerve run

Answer 39

In a canal on the medial wall of the middle ear cavity

Question 40

What is the action of the Tensor tympani muscle?

Answer 40

Reduces amplitude of vibrations (tenses tympanic membrane)

Question 41

What is the action of the Stapedius muscle?

Answer 41

Reduces oscillatory range, prevents excessive movement of stapes